1
<taxonx xmlns:
dc=
"http://digir.net/schema/conceptual/darwin/core/2.0" xmlns:
mods=
"http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:
xsi=
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
4 <mods:titleInfo><mods:title>The Rattans of Sabah. Sabah Forest Records
13.
</mods:title></mods:titleInfo>
5 <mods:name>Dransfield, J.
</mods:name>
6 <mods:originInfo><mods:dateIssued>1984</mods:dateIssued>
7 <mods:publisher>Sabah Forest Department
</mods:publisher>
12 <treatment type=
"species">
14 <name>Calamus usitatus
</name>
15 <author>Blanco
</author>
16 <citation>Fl. Filipinas
265 (
1837)
</citation>
17 <bibref>Merrill, Sp. Blancoanae
85 (
1918)
</bibref>
18 <bibref>Dransfield in Kew Bull.
36:
794 (
1982).
</bibref>
20 <name>Calamus blancoi
</name>
21 <author>Kunth
</author>
22 <bibref>Kunth., Enum.
3:
595 (
1841)
</bibref>
23 <bibref>Beccari, Ann. Roy. Bot. Card. Calcutta
11:
216 (
1908)
</bibref>
26 <name>Calamus mollis
</name>
27 <author>auct. non Blanco Naves
</author>
28 <bibref>auct. non Blanco Naves, in Blanco, Fl. Filipinas, ed.
3: t.
99 (
1877 -
83)
</bibref>
29 <bibref>Beccari in Ann. Ro} Card. Calcutta
11:
212 (
1908)
</bibref>
32 <div type=
"introduction"></div>
33 <div type=
"etymology"><lang>Latin
</lang> - ordinary, usual
</div>
34 <div type=
"vernacular"></div>
35 <div type=
"description">Slender to moderate clustering, thicket-forming rattan with stems to rarely more. Stem without sheaths to
5-
10 mm, with sheaths
10-
23 mm; intei to
15 cm; sheaths bright green, very sparsely to densely armed with scattered golden brown to
45 mm, and caducous pale grey indumentum; sometimes main body of she unarmed, but even when so, spines present around leaf sheath mouth; spines aroui sheath mouth
± erect, much larger than the rest, borne close together in a neat row, the Ic to
12 cm. Knee conspicuous. Ocrea to
5 mm, very densely armed with minute spiculez m or spines to
3 mm. Flagellum to
1.5 m. Leaf ecirrate to
90 cm, frequently less, including petiole to
20 cm; petiole armed with few horizontal golden brown spines; leaflets c
30 on each side of the rachis, close, regular, (in Sabah; most Philippine populations have grouped leaflets), the largest to
30 x
1.4 cm armed with black bristles along margins,
3 main veins on upper surface, and midrib beneath. Male and female inflorescences superficially similar, to
2 m?with
5 or more partial inflorescences; bracts on main axis close tubular, variously armed with golden brown spines but always with apical tufts of erect slender spines to
20 mm; partial inflorescences to
40 cm, with curving axes and curved rachillae; male rachilla to
40 x
2 mm; female rachilla to
50 x
3 mm. Mature fruit ovoid, c
8 x
6 mm, with a short beak to
1 mm, and covered in
18 vertical rows of straw-coloured scales. Seed c
6 x
4 mm. Endosperm apparently homogeneous. Seedling leaf unknown. (Fig.
83)
</div>
36 <div type=
"distribution">In Sabah known from a few collections from Lahad Datu, Semporna, and Tawau Districts, apparently always coastal. Elsewhere widespread in the Philippines.
</div>
37 <div type=
"biology_ecology"></div>
38 <div type=
"conservation"></div>
39 <div type=
"uses">Tying purposes, baskets, fish traps; apparently fairly durable.
</div>
40 <div type=
"discussion">Calamus usitatus is astonishingly variable; however, the large erect spines around the leaf sheath mouth, the dense spiny ocrea, the stiff leaflets, and the bunches of spines around the mouths of the flagellum and inflorescence bracts are all diagnostic. This species has had a most confusing nomenclatural history.
</div>
41 <div type=
"materials_examined"></div>