app-import/src/main/resources/taxonX/palm_tc_29631.xml

   1 <taxonx xmlns:dc="http://digir.net/schema/conceptual/darwin/core/2.0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
   2 <taxonxHeader>
   3 <mods:mods>
   4 <mods:titleInfo>
   5 <mods:title>The Rattans of Brunei Darussalam</mods:title>
   6 </mods:titleInfo>
   7 <mods:name>Dransfield, J.</mods:name>
   8 <mods:originInfo>
   9 <mods:dateIssued>1997</mods:dateIssued>
  10 <mods:publisher>Ministry of Industry and primary Resources, Brunei Darussalam</mods:publisher>
  11 </mods:originInfo>
  12 </mods:mods>
  13 </taxonxHeader>
  14 <taxonxBody>
  15 <treatment type="species">
  16 <nomenclature>
  17 <name>Calamus laevigatus Mart. var. laevigatus</name>
  18 <author>Mart.</author>
  19 <citation>Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 339 (1853)</citation>
  20 <bibref>Dransfield, Mal. Forester 41: 334 (1978)</bibref>
  21 <bibref>Dransfield, Man. Ratt. Malay Pen. 138 (1979)</bibref>
  22 <bibref>Dransfield, Ratt. Sabah 102 (1984)</bibref>
  23 <bibref>Dransfield, Ratt. Sarawak 103 (1992)</bibref>
  24 <synonomy>
  25 <name>Calamus retrophyllus</name>
  26 <author>Becc.</author>
  27 <bibref>Becc., Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 11 (Suppl.): 123 (1913)</bibref>
  28 </synonomy>
  29 </nomenclature>
  30 <div type="introduction"></div>
  31 <div type="etymology"><lang>Latin</lang> - smooth</div>
  32 <div type="vernacular">Rotan Liah (Br.,Mal.), Wi Anak (Ib.)</div>
  33 <div type="description">Solitary (very rarely clustered) moderate high-climbing rattan to 30 m or more; stem without sheaths 8-10 mm diam., with to 20 mm, internodes to 25 cm. Sheaths dull to pale green, drying very pale brownish-green, armed with sparse horizontal &#177; triangular spines borne on swollen bases, sometimes also with very faint horizontal ridges, sometimes unarmed, and with brown scales abundant on young leaf surfaces; knee conspicuous; ocrea scarcely developed. Leaf cirrate to 1 m, including the cirrus to 65 cm; petiole absent; leaflets c. 20 on each side of the rachis, concolorous, arranged irregularly, the basal up to 8 pairs on each side very close and strongly reflexed across the leaf sheaths forming a chamber in which ants frequently nest; upper leaflets in groups of 2-4 and fanned within the groups, the largest leaflets to c. 20 &#215; 0.5-2 cm, somewhat plicate, drying very pale green. Inflorescences usually about the same length as the leaves, without a terminal flagellum, and with up to 10 partial inflorescences; main bracts rather densely armed with black-tipped, pale, bulbous-based spines and brown indumentum, ultimate bracts and bracteoles with abundant minute spines producing a rough feel. Mature fruit rounded, c. 12 mm diam., with a short beak and covered with 15-19 vertical rows of pale straw- to whitish-coloured scales, sometimes flecked with red. Seed rounded, c. 10 mm diam., deeply pitted; endosperm slightly ruminate. Seedling leaf bifid. (Fig. 35, Pl. 10D).</div>
  34 <div type="distribution">Throughout Brunei. Elsewhere throughout Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia, rather rare in Sumatra.</div>
  35 <div type="biology_ecology"></div>
  36 <div type="conservation"></div>
  37 <div type="uses">Produces an excellent cane of the same diameter as rotan sega but as the plant is usually solitary, harvests are not great.</div>
  38 <div type="discussion">C. laevigatus var. laevigatus is a very widespread species occurring at altitudes up to 850 m above sea level and on a variety of soils. This is a very variable taxon. Some forms have very narrow leaflets. This species can easily be seen from the Labi Road in Andulau Forest Reserve.</div>
  39 <div type="materials_examined">BEL: Sungai Liang, Andulau F.R, Fuchs 21153. TEM: Amo, Belalong, Stockdale 11; Amo, Bt.Belalong, Dransfield J. 7111. TUT: Lamunin, Dransfield J. 6805.</div>
  40 </treatment>
  41 </taxonxBody>
  42 </taxonx>