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Lutz Suhrbier, 07/30/2009 07:43 PM

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# Debian Linux Installation Guide
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## Core System Installation
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A network connection provided, downloading and booting [Debian's Netinst CD](http://www.debian.org/distrib/netinst) should be the quickest way to get a running _core_ Debian system. For that, deselect any possible selections like e.g. desktop or standard during the software selection part of Debian's _netinst_ installation procedure.
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Ask your network administrator for network configuration details. An automatic networking configuration requires a running DHCP system. Otherwise, the following information will be requested during the installation procedure:
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* ip-address
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* netmask
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* gateway
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* dns-nameservers
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You can do this during the installation procedure, or change your [[#NetworkConfiguration|network configuration]] later.
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For the time being, only the user _root_ should be added to the system. Therefore, just cancel the corresponding dialog during the installation procedure prompting you to enter the first user's name.
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Next, ensure the source list of Debian's package manager apt includes the following statements:
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~~~
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deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ etch main contrib non-free
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deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ etch main contrib non-free
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deb http://security.debian.org/ etch/updates main contrib non-free
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deb-src http://security.debian.org/ etch/updates main contrib non-free
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~~~
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You can do this during the installation procedure, or later by editing the file _/etc/apt/sources.list_
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Anyway, after the first system boot, you should update your Debian system by running the following commands as _root_:
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~~~
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apt-get update
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apt-get upgrade
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~~~
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## Network Configuration
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Ask your network administrator for network configuration details. 
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The network configuration file is _/etc/network/interfaces_. Furthermore, you must run the following command to restart your host with the current network configuration:
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~~~
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/etc/init.d/networking restart
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~~~
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[[#Automatic|Automatic networking configuration]] requires a running DHCP system.
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For [[#Static|static networking]], you will need to request the following information from your network administrator:
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* ip-address
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* netmask
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* gateway
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* dns-nameservers
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 **Important note (Debian Etch only):** The standard etch setup configures ethernet network interfaces (eth0, eth1) using the option **allow-hotplug eth0*. This causes many problems concerning networking (e.g. deletion of the eth0 interface when restarting networking _# /etc/init.d/networking restart_. So, please use the option *auto** instead in _/etc/network/interfaces_.
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### Automatic
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This is an adequate network configuration file for DHCP managed networks.
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~~~
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# The loopback network interface
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auto lo
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iface lo inet loopback
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# The primary network interface
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auto eth0
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iface eth0 inet dhcp
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~~~
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### Static
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This is a general network configuration file template for BGBM external network servers:
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~~~
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# The loopback network interface
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auto lo
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iface lo inet loopback
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# The primary network interface
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auto eth0
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iface eth0 inet static
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        address 160.45.63.xx
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        netmask 255.255.255.0
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        network 160.45.63.0
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        broadcast 160.45.63.255
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        gateway 160.45.63.1
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        # dns-* options are implemented by the resolvconf package, if installed
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        dns-nameservers 160.45.8.8
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        dns-search bgbm.fu-berlin.
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~~~
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## Basic System Configuration
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Consider to prepare your system with the following useful software packages
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| less | Text pager |
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| unzip, zip | For .zip files |
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| lvm2 | Logical Volume Manager |
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| ssh | OpenSSH client and server |
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| ntpdate | NTP client (network time sync) |
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Use the _apt-get_ command to install these packages
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~~~
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apt-get install less unzip zip lvm2 ssh ntpdate
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~~~
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Follow the instructions below to get a basic configuration for some of these software packages
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### OpenSSH configuration
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The openssh server has been configured to accept logins via openssh keys only. So, no username/password access should be possible on this system. Therefore, the following options must be set in the openssh-server configuration file _/etc/ssh/sshd_config_ as follows:
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~~~
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PasswordAuthentication no
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UsePAM no
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~~~
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The public keys of users enabled to login as root must be stated in the file_/root/.ssh/authorized_key_.
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### NTP configuration
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 **Note (For Xen virtual machines only):** Since the system time is set by the host machine, you don't need to setup or configure NTP !
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Using _ntpdate_ is the most comfortable method to update the network time of a host. Just edit _/etc/default/ntpdate_ and set _NTPDATE_USE_NTP_CONF=no_. This enables the time servers listed in _NTPSERVERS_ for time sync.
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 **Note (For host located at FU-Berlin):** Add the time server of the FU-Berlin (time.fu-berlin.de). Others may be blocked by the firewall of FU-ZEDAT !
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~~~
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NTPDATE_USE_NTP_CONF=no
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NTPSERVERS="time.fu-berlin.de 0.debian.pool.ntp.org 1.debian.pool.ntp.org 2.debian.pool.ntp.org 3.debian.pool.ntp.org"
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~~~