EDIT

/**

* Copyright (C) 2017 EDIT

* European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy

* http://www.e-taxonomy.eu

*

* The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version 1.1

* See LICENSE.TXT at the top of this package for the full license terms.

*/

package eu.etaxonomy.cdm.api.service.name;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Collection;

import java.util.Collections;

import java.util.Comparator;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.LinkedHashMap;

import java.util.LinkedList;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Optional;

import java.util.Set;

import java.util.UUID;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

import org.hibernate.search.hcore.util.impl.HibernateHelper;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.api.facade.DerivedUnitFacadeCacheStrategy;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.api.service.exception.RegistrationValidationException;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.hibernate.HibernateProxyHelper;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.CdmBase;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.IdentifiableSource;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.Language;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.TermVocabulary;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.VersionableEntity;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.name.HomotypicalGroup;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.name.NameTypeDesignation;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.name.SpecimenTypeDesignation;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.name.TaxonName;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.name.TextualTypeDesignation;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.name.TypeDesignationBase;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.name.TypeDesignationStatusBase;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.occurrence.DerivedUnit;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.occurrence.FieldUnit;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.occurrence.MediaSpecimen;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.occurrence.SpecimenOrObservationBase;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.reference.Reference;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.ref.EntityReference;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.ref.TypedEntityReference;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.cache.TagEnum;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.cache.TaggedText;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.cache.TaggedTextBuilder;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.cache.reference.DefaultReferenceCacheStrategy;

/**

 * Manages a collection of {@link TypeDesignationBase TypeDesignations} for the same typified name.

 *

 * Type designations are ordered by the base type which is a {@link TaxonName} for {@link NameTypeDesignation NameTypeDesignations} or

 * in case of {@link SpecimenTypeDesignation SpecimenTypeDesignations} the  associate {@link FieldUnit} or the {@link DerivedUnit}

 * if the former is missing. The type designations per base type are furthermore ordered by the {@link TypeDesignationStatusBase}.

 *

 * The TypeDesignationSetManager also provides string representations of the whole ordered set of all

 * {@link TypeDesignationBase TypeDesignations} and of the TypeDesignationWorkingSets:

 * <ul>

 *  <li>{@link #print()}

 *  <li>{@link #getOrderdTypeDesignationWorkingSets()} ... {@link TypeDesignationWorkingSet#getRepresentation()}

 * </ul>

 * Prior using the representations you need to trigger their generation by calling {@link #buildString()}

 *

 * @author a.kohlbecker

 * @since Mar 10, 2017

 *

 */

public class TypeDesignationSetManager {

    enum NameTypeBaseEntityType{

        NAME_TYPE_DESIGNATION,

        TYPE_NAME;

    }

    private static final String TYPE_STATUS_SEPARATOR = "; ";

    private static final String TYPE_SEPARATOR = "; ";

    private static final String TYPE_DESIGNATION_SEPARATOR = ", ";

    private static final String TYPE_STATUS_SEPARATOR_WITHCITATION = ": ";

    private static final String TYPE_STATUS_PARENTHESIS_LEFT = " (";

    private static final String TYPE_STATUS_PARENTHESIS_RIGHT = ")";

    private static final String REFERENCE_PARENTHESIS_RIGHT = "]";

    private static final String REFERENCE_PARENTHESIS_LEFT = " [";

    private static final String REFERENCE_FIDE = "fide ";

    private Map<UUID,TypeDesignationBase<?>> typeDesignations;

    private NameTypeBaseEntityType nameTypeBaseEntityType = NameTypeBaseEntityType.NAME_TYPE_DESIGNATION;

    /**

     * Groups the EntityReferences for each of the TypeDesignations by the according TypeDesignationStatus.

     * The TypeDesignationStatusBase keys are already ordered by the term order defined in the vocabulary.

     */

    private LinkedHashMap<TypedEntityReference, TypeDesignationWorkingSet> orderedByTypesByBaseEntity;

    private EntityReference typifiedNameRef;

    private TaxonName typifiedName;

    private String finalString = null;

    final NullTypeDesignationStatus NULL_STATUS = new NullTypeDesignationStatus();

    private List<String> problems = new ArrayList<>();

    private boolean printCitation = false;

    private boolean useShortCitation = false;

    private List<TaggedText> taggedText;

    /**

     * @param containgEntity

     * @param taxonName

     * @throws RegistrationValidationException

     *

     */

    public TypeDesignationSetManager(Collection<TypeDesignationBase> typeDesignations) throws RegistrationValidationException {

        if (this.typeDesignations == null){

            this.typeDesignations = new HashMap<>();

        }

        for (TypeDesignationBase<?> typeDes:typeDesignations){

            this.typeDesignations.put(typeDes.getUuid(), typeDes);

        }

        findTypifiedName();

        mapAndSort();

    }

    /**

     * @param containgEntity

     * @param taxonName

     * @throws RegistrationValidationException

     *

     */

    public TypeDesignationSetManager(HomotypicalGroup group) throws RegistrationValidationException {

        if (this.typeDesignations == null){

            this.typeDesignations = new HashMap<>();

        }

        for (TypeDesignationBase<?> typeDes:group.getTypeDesignations()){

            this.typeDesignations.put(typeDes.getUuid(), typeDes);

        }

        //findTypifiedName();

        mapAndSort();

    }

    /**

     * @param typifiedName2

     */

    public TypeDesignationSetManager(TaxonName typifiedName) {

        this.typeDesignations = new HashMap<>();

        this.typifiedNameRef = new EntityReference(typifiedName.getUuid(), typifiedName.getTitleCache());

    }

    /**

     * Add one or more TypeDesignations to the manager. This causes re-grouping and re-ordering

     * of all managed TypeDesignations.

     *

     * @param containgEntity

     * @param typeDesignations

     */

    public void addTypeDesigations(CdmBase containgEntity, TypeDesignationBase ... typeDesignations){

        for (TypeDesignationBase<?> typeDes: typeDesignations){

            this.typeDesignations.put(typeDes.getUuid(), typeDes);

        }

       mapAndSort();

    }

    /**

     * Groups and orders all managed TypeDesignations.

     *

     * @param containgEntity

     */

    protected void mapAndSort() {

        finalString = null;

        Map<TypedEntityReference<?>, TypeDesignationWorkingSet> byBaseEntityByTypeStatus = new HashMap<>();

        this.typeDesignations.values().forEach(td -> mapTypeDesignation(byBaseEntityByTypeStatus, td));

        orderedByTypesByBaseEntity = orderByTypeByBaseEntity(byBaseEntityByTypeStatus);

    }

    /**

     * @param byBaseEntityByTypeStatus

     * @param td

     */

    private void mapTypeDesignation(Map<TypedEntityReference<?>, TypeDesignationWorkingSet> byBaseEntityByTypeStatus,

            TypeDesignationBase<?> td){

        TypeDesignationStatusBase<?> status = td.getTypeStatus();

        try {

            final VersionableEntity baseEntity = baseEntity(td);

            final TypedEntityReference<VersionableEntity> baseEntityReference = makeEntityReference(baseEntity);

            TypedEntityReference<?> typeDesignationEntityReference = new TypedEntityReference<>(

                    HibernateProxyHelper.deproxy(td).getClass(),

                    td.getUuid(),

                    stringify(td));

            if(!byBaseEntityByTypeStatus.containsKey(baseEntityReference)){

                byBaseEntityByTypeStatus.put(baseEntityReference, new TypeDesignationWorkingSet(baseEntity, baseEntityReference));

            }

            byBaseEntityByTypeStatus.get(baseEntityReference).insert(status, typeDesignationEntityReference);

        } catch (DataIntegrityException e){

            problems.add(e.getMessage());

        }

    }

    /**

     * @param td

     * @return

     * @throws DataIntegrityException

     */

    protected VersionableEntity baseEntity(TypeDesignationBase<?> td) throws DataIntegrityException {

        VersionableEntity baseEntity = null;

        if(td  instanceof SpecimenTypeDesignation){

            SpecimenTypeDesignation std = (SpecimenTypeDesignation) td;

            FieldUnit fu = findFieldUnit(std);

            if(fu != null){

                baseEntity = fu;

            } else if(((SpecimenTypeDesignation) td).getTypeSpecimen() != null){

                baseEntity = ((SpecimenTypeDesignation) td).getTypeSpecimen();

            }

        } else if(td instanceof NameTypeDesignation){

            if(nameTypeBaseEntityType == NameTypeBaseEntityType.NAME_TYPE_DESIGNATION){

                baseEntity = td;

            } else {

                // only other option is TaxonName

                baseEntity = ((NameTypeDesignation)td).getTypeName();

            }

        }

        if(baseEntity == null) {

            throw new DataIntegrityException("Incomplete TypeDesignation, no type missin in " + td.toString());

        }

        return baseEntity;

    }

    /**

     * @param td

     * @return

     */

    protected TypedEntityReference<VersionableEntity> makeEntityReference(VersionableEntity baseEntity) {

        baseEntity = (VersionableEntity) HibernateHelper.unproxy(baseEntity);

        String label = "";

        if(baseEntity  instanceof FieldUnit){

                label = ((FieldUnit)baseEntity).getTitleCache();

        }

        TypedEntityReference<VersionableEntity> baseEntityReference = new TypedEntityReference(baseEntity.getClass(), baseEntity.getUuid(), label);

        return baseEntityReference;

    }

    private LinkedHashMap<TypedEntityReference, TypeDesignationWorkingSet> orderByTypeByBaseEntity(

            Map<TypedEntityReference<?>, TypeDesignationWorkingSet> stringsByTypeByBaseEntity){

       // order the FieldUnit TypeName keys

       List<TypedEntityReference<?>> baseEntityKeyList = new LinkedList<>(stringsByTypeByBaseEntity.keySet());

       Collections.sort(baseEntityKeyList, new Comparator<TypedEntityReference<?>>(){

        /**

         * Sorts the base entities (TypedEntityReference) in the following order:

         *

         * 1. FieldUnits

         * 2. DerivedUnit (in case of missing FieldUnit we expect the base type to be DerivedUnit)

         * 3. NameType

         *

         * {@inheritDoc}

         */

        @Override

        public int compare(TypedEntityReference<?> o1, TypedEntityReference<?> o2) {

            Class<?> type1 = o1.getType();

            Class<?> type2 = o2.getType();

            if(!type1.equals(type2)) {

                if(type1.equals(FieldUnit.class) || type2.equals(FieldUnit.class)){

                    // FieldUnits first

                    return type1.equals(FieldUnit.class) ? -1 : 1;

                } else {

                    // name types last (in case of missing FieldUnit we expect the base type to be DerivedUnit which comes into the middle)

                    return type2.equals(TaxonName.class) || type2.equals(NameTypeDesignation.class) ? -1 : 1;

                }

            } else {

                return o1.getLabel().compareTo(o2.getLabel());

            }

        }});

       // new LinkedHashMap for the ordered FieldUnitOrTypeName keys

       LinkedHashMap<TypedEntityReference, TypeDesignationWorkingSet> stringsOrderedbyBaseEntityOrderdByType = new LinkedHashMap<>(stringsByTypeByBaseEntity.size());

       for(TypedEntityReference baseEntityRef : baseEntityKeyList){

           TypeDesignationWorkingSet typeDesignationWorkingSet = stringsByTypeByBaseEntity.get(baseEntityRef);

           // order the TypeDesignationStatusBase keys

            List<TypeDesignationStatusBase<?>> keyList = new LinkedList<>(typeDesignationWorkingSet.keySet());

            Collections.sort(keyList, new TypeDesignationStatusComparator());

            // new LinkedHashMap for the ordered TypeDesignationStatusBase keys

            TypeDesignationWorkingSet orderedStringsByOrderedTypes = new TypeDesignationWorkingSet(

                    typeDesignationWorkingSet.getBaseEntity(),

                    baseEntityRef);

            keyList.forEach(key -> orderedStringsByOrderedTypes.put(key, typeDesignationWorkingSet.get(key)));

            stringsOrderedbyBaseEntityOrderdByType.put(baseEntityRef, orderedStringsByOrderedTypes);

       }

        return stringsOrderedbyBaseEntityOrderdByType;

    }

    /*

    private LinkedHashMap<TypedEntityReference, LinkedHashMap<String, Collection<EntityReference>>> buildOrderedRepresentations(){

        orderedStringsByOrderedTypes.keySet().forEach(

                key -> orderedRepresentations.put(

                        getTypeDesignationStytusLabel(key),

                        orderedStringsByOrderedTypes.get(key))

                );

        return orderedRepresentations;

    }

*/

    public void buildString(){

        if(finalString == null){

            TaggedTextBuilder finalBuilder = new TaggedTextBuilder();

            finalString = "";

            if(getTypifiedNameCache() != null){

                finalString += getTypifiedNameCache() + " ";

                finalBuilder.add(TagEnum.name, getTypifiedNameCache(), new TypedEntityReference<>(TaxonName.class, getTypifiedNameRef().getUuid()));

            }

            int typeCount = 0;

            if(orderedByTypesByBaseEntity != null){

                for(TypedEntityReference<?> baseEntityRef : orderedByTypesByBaseEntity.keySet()) {

                    TaggedTextBuilder workingsetBuilder = new TaggedTextBuilder();

                    if(typeCount++ > 0){

                        workingsetBuilder.add(TagEnum.separator, TYPE_SEPARATOR);

                    }

                    boolean isNameTypeDesignation = false;

                    if(SpecimenOrObservationBase.class.isAssignableFrom(baseEntityRef.getType()) ){

                        workingsetBuilder.add(TagEnum.label, "Type:");

                    } else{

                        workingsetBuilder.add(TagEnum.label, "NameType:");

                        isNameTypeDesignation = true;

                    }

                    if(!baseEntityRef.getLabel().isEmpty()){

                        workingsetBuilder.add(TagEnum.specimenOrObservation, baseEntityRef.getLabel(), baseEntityRef);

                    }

                    TypeDesignationWorkingSet typeDesignationWorkingSet = orderedByTypesByBaseEntity.get(baseEntityRef);

                    int typeStatusCount = 0;

                    for(TypeDesignationStatusBase<?> typeStatus : typeDesignationWorkingSet.keySet()) {

                        if(typeStatusCount++  > 0){

                            workingsetBuilder.add(TagEnum.separator, TYPE_STATUS_SEPARATOR);

                        }

                        boolean isPlural = typeDesignationWorkingSet.get(typeStatus).size() > 1;

                        if(!typeStatus.equals(NULL_STATUS)) {

                            workingsetBuilder.add(TagEnum.label, typeStatus.getLabel() + (isPlural ? "s:" : ","));

                         }

                        int typeDesignationCount = 0;

                        for(TypedEntityReference<?> typeDesignationEntityReference : createSortedList(typeDesignationWorkingSet, typeStatus)) {

                            if(typeDesignationCount++  > 0){

                               workingsetBuilder.add(TagEnum.separator, TYPE_DESIGNATION_SEPARATOR);

                            }

                            workingsetBuilder.add(TagEnum.typeDesignation, typeDesignationEntityReference.getLabel(), typeDesignationEntityReference);

                        }

                    }

                    typeDesignationWorkingSet.setRepresentation(workingsetBuilder.toString());

                    finalString += typeDesignationWorkingSet.getRepresentation();

                    finalBuilder.addAll(workingsetBuilder);

                }

            }

            finalString = finalString.trim();

            taggedText = finalBuilder.getTaggedText();

        }

    }

    public void buildStringWithCitation(){

        if(finalString == null){

            TaggedTextBuilder finalBuilder = new TaggedTextBuilder();

            finalString = "";

            if(getTypifiedNameCache() != null){

                finalString += getTypifiedNameCache() + " ";

                finalBuilder.add(TagEnum.name, getTypifiedNameCache(), new TypedEntityReference<>(TaxonName.class, getTypifiedNameRef().getUuid()));

            }

            int typeCount = 0;

            if(orderedByTypesByBaseEntity != null){

                for(TypedEntityReference<?> baseEntityRef : orderedByTypesByBaseEntity.keySet()) {

                    TaggedTextBuilder workingsetBuilder = new TaggedTextBuilder();

                    if(typeCount++ > 0){

                        workingsetBuilder.add(TagEnum.separator, TYPE_SEPARATOR);

                    }

                    boolean isNameTypeDesignation = false;

                    if(!baseEntityRef.getLabel().isEmpty()){

                        workingsetBuilder.add(TagEnum.specimenOrObservation, baseEntityRef.getLabel(), baseEntityRef);

                    }

                    TypeDesignationWorkingSet typeDesignationWorkingSet = orderedByTypesByBaseEntity.get(baseEntityRef);

                    int typeStatusCount = 0;

                    for(TypeDesignationStatusBase<?> typeStatus : typeDesignationWorkingSet.keySet()) {

                        if(typeStatusCount++  > 0){

                            workingsetBuilder.add(TagEnum.separator, TYPE_STATUS_SEPARATOR);

                        }

                        boolean isPlural = typeDesignationWorkingSet.get(typeStatus).size() > 1;

                        if(!typeStatus.equals(NULL_STATUS)) {

                            workingsetBuilder.add(TagEnum.separator, TYPE_STATUS_PARENTHESIS_LEFT);

                            workingsetBuilder.add(TagEnum.label, typeStatus.getLabel() + (isPlural ? "s:" : ":"));

                         }

                        int typeDesignationCount = 0;

                        for(TypedEntityReference<?> typeDesignationEntityReference : createSortedList(typeDesignationWorkingSet, typeStatus)) {

                            if(typeDesignationCount++  > 0){

                               workingsetBuilder.add(TagEnum.separator, TYPE_DESIGNATION_SEPARATOR);

                            }

                            workingsetBuilder.add(TagEnum.typeDesignation, typeDesignationEntityReference.getLabel(), typeDesignationEntityReference);

                            TypeDesignationBase<?> typeDes =  typeDesignations.get(typeDesignationEntityReference.getUuid());

                            if (typeDes.getCitation() != null){

                               // workingsetBuilder.add(TagEnum.separator, REFERENCE_PARENTHESIS_LEFT);

                                String shortCitation = ((DefaultReferenceCacheStrategy)typeDes.getCitation().getCacheStrategy()).createShortCitation(typeDes.getCitation());

                                workingsetBuilder.add(TagEnum.reference, shortCitation, typeDesignationEntityReference);

                                //workingsetBuilder.add(TagEnum.separator, REFERENCE_PARENTHESIS_RIGHT);

                            }

                            if ((!typeStatus.equals(NULL_STATUS)) &&(typeDesignationCount ==  typeDesignationWorkingSet.get(typeStatus).size())){

                                workingsetBuilder.add(TagEnum.separator, TYPE_STATUS_PARENTHESIS_RIGHT);

                            }

                        }

                    }

                    typeDesignationWorkingSet.setRepresentation(workingsetBuilder.toString());

                    finalString += typeDesignationWorkingSet.getRepresentation();

                    finalBuilder.addAll(workingsetBuilder);

                }

            }

            finalString = finalString.trim();

            taggedText = finalBuilder.getTaggedText();

        }

    }

    /**

     * @param typeDesignationWorkingSet

     * @param typeStatus

     * @return

     */

    private List<TypedEntityReference<TypeDesignationBase<?>>> createSortedList(

            TypeDesignationWorkingSet typeDesignationWorkingSet, TypeDesignationStatusBase<?> typeStatus) {

        List<TypedEntityReference<TypeDesignationBase<?>>> typeDesignationEntityReferences = new ArrayList(typeDesignationWorkingSet.get(typeStatus));

        Collections.sort(typeDesignationEntityReferences, new TypedEntityComparator());

        return typeDesignationEntityReferences;

    }

    /**

     * FIXME use the validation framework validators to store the validation problems!!!

     *

     * @return

     * @throws RegistrationValidationException

     */

    private void findTypifiedName() throws RegistrationValidationException {

        List<String> problems = new ArrayList<>();

        TaxonName typifiedName = null;

        for(TypeDesignationBase<?> typeDesignation : typeDesignations.values()){

            typeDesignation.getTypifiedNames();

            if(typeDesignation.getTypifiedNames().isEmpty()){

                //TODO instead throw RegistrationValidationException()

                problems.add("Missing typifiedName in " + typeDesignation.toString());

                continue;

            }

            if(typeDesignation.getTypifiedNames().size() > 1){

              //TODO instead throw RegistrationValidationException()

                problems.add("Multiple typifiedName in " + typeDesignation.toString());

                continue;

            }

            if(typifiedName == null){

                // remember

                typifiedName = typeDesignation.getTypifiedNames().iterator().next();

            } else {

                // compare

                TaxonName otherTypifiedName = typeDesignation.getTypifiedNames().iterator().next();

                if(!typifiedName.getUuid().equals(otherTypifiedName.getUuid())){

                  //TODO instead throw RegistrationValidationException()

                    problems.add("Multiple typifiedName in " + typeDesignation.toString());

                }

            }

        }

        if(!problems.isEmpty()){

            // FIXME use the validation framework

            throw new RegistrationValidationException("Inconsistent type designations", problems);

        }

        if(typifiedName != null){

            // ON SUCCESS -------------------

            this.typifiedName = typifiedName;

            this.typifiedNameRef = new EntityReference(typifiedName.getUuid(), typifiedName.getTitleCache());

        }

    }

    /**

     * @return the title cache of the typifying name or <code>null</code>

     */

    public String getTypifiedNameCache() {

        if(typifiedNameRef != null){

            return typifiedNameRef.getLabel();

        }

        return null;

    }

    /**

     * @return the title cache of the typifying name or <code>null</code>

     */

    public EntityReference getTypifiedNameRef() {

       return typifiedNameRef;

    }

    /**

     * @return

     */

    public Collection<TypeDesignationBase<?>> getTypeDesignations() {

        return typeDesignations.values();

    }

    /**

     * @param ref

     * @return

     */

    public TypeDesignationBase<?> findTypeDesignation(EntityReference typeDesignationRef) {

        return this.typeDesignations.get(typeDesignationRef.getUuid());

    }

    public LinkedHashMap<TypedEntityReference, TypeDesignationWorkingSet> getOrderdTypeDesignationWorkingSets() {

        return orderedByTypesByBaseEntity;

    }

    /**

     * @param td

     * @return

     */

    private String stringify(TypeDesignationBase<?> td) {

        if(td instanceof NameTypeDesignation){

            return stringify((NameTypeDesignation)td);

        } else if (td instanceof TextualTypeDesignation){

            return stringify((TextualTypeDesignation)td);

        } else if (td instanceof SpecimenTypeDesignation){

            return stringify((SpecimenTypeDesignation)td, false);

        }else{

            throw new RuntimeException("Unknown TypeDesignation type");

        }

    }

    protected String stringify(TextualTypeDesignation td) {

        String result = td.getPreferredText(Language.DEFAULT());

        if (td.isVerbatim()){

            result = "\"" + result + "\"";  //TODO which character to use?

        }

        return result;

    }

    /**

     * @param td

     * @return

     */

    protected String stringify(NameTypeDesignation td) {

        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

        if(td.getTypeName() != null){

            sb.append(td.getTypeName().getTitleCache());

        }

        if(td.getCitation() != null){

            sb.append(" ").append(td.getCitation().getTitleCache());

            if(td.getCitationMicroReference() != null){

                sb.append(":").append(td.getCitationMicroReference());

            }

        }

        if(td.isNotDesignated()){

            sb.append(" not designated");

        }

        if(td.isRejectedType()){

            sb.append(" rejected");

        }

        if(td.isConservedType()){

            sb.append(" conserved");

        }

        return sb.toString();

    }

    /**

     * @param td

     * @return

     */

    private String stringify(SpecimenTypeDesignation td, boolean useFullTitleCache) {

        String  result = "";

        if(useFullTitleCache){

            if(td.getTypeSpecimen() != null){

                String nameTitleCache = td.getTypeSpecimen().getTitleCache();

                if(getTypifiedNameCache() != null){

                    nameTitleCache = nameTitleCache.replace(getTypifiedNameCache(), "");

                }

                result += nameTitleCache;

            }

        } else {

            if(td.getTypeSpecimen() != null){

                DerivedUnit du = td.getTypeSpecimen();

                if(du.isProtectedTitleCache()){

                    result += du.getTitleCache();

                } else {

                    du = HibernateProxyHelper.deproxy(du);

                    boolean isMediaSpecimen = du instanceof MediaSpecimen;

                    String typeSpecimenTitle = "";

                    if(isMediaSpecimen && HibernateProxyHelper.deproxyOrNull(du.getCollection()) == null) {

                        // special case of an published image which is not covered by the DerivedUnitFacadeCacheStrategy

                        MediaSpecimen msp = (MediaSpecimen)du;

                        if(msp.getMediaSpecimen() != null){

                            for(IdentifiableSource source : msp.getMediaSpecimen().getSources()){

                                String refDetailStr = source.getCitationMicroReference();

                                String referenceStr = source.getCitation() == null? "": source.getCitation().getTitleCache();

                                if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(source.getCitationMicroReference())){

                                    typeSpecimenTitle += refDetailStr;

                                }

                                if(!typeSpecimenTitle.isEmpty() && !referenceStr.isEmpty()){

                                    typeSpecimenTitle += " in ";

                                }

                                typeSpecimenTitle += referenceStr + " ";

                            }

                        }

                    } else {

                        DerivedUnitFacadeCacheStrategy cacheStrategy = new DerivedUnitFacadeCacheStrategy();

                        typeSpecimenTitle += cacheStrategy.getTitleCache(du, true);

                    }

                    result += (isMediaSpecimen ? "[icon] " : "") + typeSpecimenTitle.trim();

                }

            }

        }

        if(isPrintCitation() && td.getCitation() != null){

            Reference citation = HibernateProxyHelper.deproxy(td.getCitation(), Reference.class);

            if(citation.getAbbrevTitle() != null){

                result += " " + citation.getAbbrevTitle();

            } else {

                result += " " + citation.getTitleCache();

            }

            if(td.getCitationMicroReference() != null){

                result += " :" + td.getCitationMicroReference();

            }

        }

        if(td.isNotDesignated()){

            result += " not designated";

        }

        return result;

    }

    /**

     * @param td

     * @return

     * @deprecated

     */

    @Deprecated

    private FieldUnit findFieldUnit(SpecimenTypeDesignation td) {

        DerivedUnit du = td.getTypeSpecimen();

        return findFieldUnit(du);

    }

    private FieldUnit findFieldUnit(DerivedUnit du) {

        if(du == null || du.getOriginals() == null){

            return null;

        }

        @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")

        Set<SpecimenOrObservationBase> originals = du.getDerivedFrom().getOriginals();

        @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")

        Optional<SpecimenOrObservationBase> fieldUnit = originals.stream()

                .filter(original -> original instanceof FieldUnit).findFirst();

        if (fieldUnit.isPresent()) {

            return (FieldUnit) fieldUnit.get();

        } else {

            for (@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")

            SpecimenOrObservationBase sob : originals) {

                if (sob instanceof DerivedUnit) {

                    FieldUnit fu = findFieldUnit((DerivedUnit) sob);

                    if (fu != null) {

                        return fu;

                    }

                }

            }

        }

        return null;

    }

    public String print() {

        buildString();

        return finalString;

    }

    public List<TaggedText> toTaggedText() {

        buildString();

        return taggedText;

    }

    public List<TaggedText> toTaggedTextWithCitation() {

        buildStringWithCitation();

        return taggedText;

    }

    /**

     * @return the printCitation

     */

    public boolean isPrintCitation() {

        return printCitation;

    }

    /**

     * @param printCitation the printCitation to set

     */

    public void setPrintCitation(boolean printCitation) {

        this.printCitation = printCitation;

    }

    /**

     * @return the typifiedName

     */

    public TaxonName getTypifiedName() {

        return typifiedName;

    }

    public void setNameTypeBaseEntityType(NameTypeBaseEntityType nameTypeBaseEntityType){

        this.nameTypeBaseEntityType = nameTypeBaseEntityType;

    }

    public NameTypeBaseEntityType getNameTypeBaseEntityType(){

        return nameTypeBaseEntityType;

    }

    public boolean isUseShortCitation() {

        return useShortCitation;

    }

    public void setUseShortCitation(boolean useShortCitation) {

        this.useShortCitation = useShortCitation;

    }

    /**

     * TypeDesignations which refer to the same FieldUnit (SpecimenTypeDesignation) or TaxonName

     * (NameTypeDesignation) form a working set. The <code>TypeDesignationWorkingSet</code> internally

     * works with EnityReferences to the actual TypeDesignations.

     *

     * The EntityReferences for TypeDesignations are grouped by the according TypeDesignationStatus.

     * The TypeDesignationStatusBase keys can be ordered by the term order defined in the vocabulary.

     *

     * A workingset can be referenced by the <code>baseEntityReference</code>.

     */

    public class TypeDesignationWorkingSet extends LinkedHashMap<TypeDesignationStatusBase<?>, Collection<TypedEntityReference>> {

        private static final long serialVersionUID = -1329007606500890729L;

        String workingSetRepresentation = null;

        TypedEntityReference<VersionableEntity> baseEntityReference;

        VersionableEntity baseEntity;

        List<DerivedUnit> derivedUnits = null;

        /**

         * @param baseEntityReference

         */

        public TypeDesignationWorkingSet(VersionableEntity baseEntity, TypedEntityReference<VersionableEntity> baseEntityReference) {

            this.baseEntity = baseEntity;

            this.baseEntityReference = baseEntityReference;

        }

        /**

         * @return

         */

        public VersionableEntity getBaseEntity() {

            return baseEntity;

        }

        public List<TypedEntityReference> getTypeDesignations() {

            List<TypedEntityReference> typeDesignations = new ArrayList<>();

            this.values().forEach(typeDesignationReferences -> typeDesignationReferences.forEach(td -> typeDesignations.add(td)));

            return typeDesignations;

        }

        /**

         * @param status

         * @param typeDesignationEntityReference

         */

        public void insert(TypeDesignationStatusBase<?> status, TypedEntityReference typeDesignationEntityReference) {

            if(status == null){

                status = NULL_STATUS;

            }

            if(!containsKey(status)){

                put(status, new ArrayList<>());

            }

            get(status).add(typeDesignationEntityReference);

        }

        public String getRepresentation() {

            return workingSetRepresentation;

        }

        public void setRepresentation(String representation){

            this.workingSetRepresentation = representation;

        }

        /**

         * A reference to the entity which is the common base entity for all TypeDesignations in this workingset.

         * For a {@link SpecimenTypeDesignation} this is usually the {@link FieldUnit} if it is present. Otherwise it can also be

         * a {@link DerivedUnit} or something else depending on the specific use case.

         *

         * @return the baseEntityReference

         */

        public TypedEntityReference<VersionableEntity> getBaseEntityReference() {

            return baseEntityReference;

        }

        @Override

        public String toString(){

            if(workingSetRepresentation != null){

                return workingSetRepresentation;