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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><fo:root xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format" xmlns:msxsl="http://exslt.org/common"><fo:layout-master-set><fo:simple-page-master master-name="taxon_page_first" page-height="244mm" page-width="159mm" margin-top="66mm" margin-bottom="32mm" margin-left="21mm"><fo:region-body margin-right="24mm"/><fo:region-before extent="0mm" region-name="odd-before"/><fo:region-after extent="0mm" region-name="odd-after"/></fo:simple-page-master><fo:simple-page-master master-name="taxon_page_odd" page-height="244mm" page-width="159mm" margin-top="32mm" margin-bottom="32mm" margin-left="21mm"><fo:region-body margin-right="24mm"/><fo:region-before extent="0mm" region-name="odd-before"/><fo:region-after extent="0mm" region-name="odd-after"/></fo:simple-page-master><fo:simple-page-master master-name="taxon_page_even" page-height="244mm" page-width="159mm" margin-top="32mm" margin-bottom="32mm" margin-left="0" margin-right="21mm"><fo:region-body margin-left="24mm"/><fo:region-before extent="0mm" region-name="even-before"/><fo:region-after extent="0mm" region-name="even-after"/></fo:simple-page-master><fo:page-sequence-master master-name="taxon_page"><fo:repeatable-page-master-alternatives><fo:conditional-page-master-reference master-reference="taxon_page_first" page-position="first"/><fo:conditional-page-master-reference master-reference="taxon_page_even" page-position="rest" odd-or-even="even"/><fo:conditional-page-master-reference master-reference="taxon_page_odd" page-position="rest" odd-or-even="odd"/></fo:repeatable-page-master-alternatives></fo:page-sequence-master></fo:layout-master-set><fo:page-sequence master-reference="taxon_page" initial-page-number="1" force-page-count="no-force"><fo:static-content flow-name="odd-before"><fo:block font-family="Times" font-style="italic" font-size="7pt"><fo:block font-size="10pt" font-style="normal" padding-top="95%" text-align="end">| <fo:page-number padding-right="10%" border-right-width="11mm"/></fo:block><fo:block color="white">-</fo:block><fo:block><fo:retrieve-marker retrieve-class-name="pageTitleMarker" retrieve-position="first-starting-within-page" retrieve-boundary="document"/> <fo:retrieve-marker retrieve-class-name="pageTitleSectionMarker" retrieve-position="first-starting-within-page" retrieve-boundary="document"/></fo:block></fo:block></fo:static-content><fo:static-content flow-name="even-before"><fo:block font-family="Times" font-style="italic" font-size="7pt"><fo:block font-size="10pt" font-style="normal" padding-top="95%" text-align="start"><fo:page-number padding-left="10%" border-right-width="11mm"/> |</fo:block></fo:block></fo:static-content><fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body"><fo:block font-family="Times" font-size="10pt" line-height="12pt" linefeed-treatment="preserve"><fo:block text-align="center" font-weight="bold" font-size="global-title-font" linefeed-treatment="preserve">Families and Genera of Caryophyllales
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</fo:block><fo:block linefeed-treatment="preserve"><fo:inline font-weight="bold">Abstract. </fo:inline>A flora treatment for the Ericaceae occurring in R.D. Congo, Rwanda and Burundi is given. The family is only represented by Erica (7 species), Agarista (1 species) and Vaccinium (1 species). The reduction of Blaeria and Philippia to synonymy of Erica is accepted. These two genera were commonly recognized for tropical African taxa in the past. The family is restricted to submontane and montane parts of the area of the flora. ‘Blaeria michelsoniana Spirlet’, described from R.D. Congo, remains imperfectly known. Its type was not located.
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</fo:block><fo:block margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:block font-weight="bold" text-align="center" text-transform="uppercase">Cichorium</fo:block></fo:block><fo:block margin-bottom="5mm" line-height="9.6pt" font-size="8pt"><fo:block text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> L. (<fo:inline>C. von Linnaeus 1753: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>813</fo:inline>)<fo:inline> - Type: </fo:inline></fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Acanthophyton</fo:inline> Less. (<fo:inline>Less. 1832: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>128</fo:inline>)<fo:inline> - Type: </fo:inline><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> sect. <fo:inline font-style="italic">Acanthophyton</fo:inline> (Less.) DC. (<fo:inline>DC. 1838: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>84</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> sect. <fo:inline font-style="italic">Eucichorium</fo:inline> DC. (<fo:inline> 1838: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>84</fo:inline>)</fo:block></fo:block><fo:block text-align="justify" margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:inline font-weight="bold">Systematics</fo:inline> — <fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> is a genus of seven species (Kiers 2000), which is centred in the Mediterranean region but extends with one species, <fo:inline font-style="italic">C. bottae</fo:inline>, into the highlands of the SW Arabian Peninsula. <fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline>, in particular because of its scaly pappus, has long been considered an isolated genus of the <fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorieae</fo:inline> (Kiers 2000), until Kilian & Gemeinholzer (2007) found a closely related species pair from the Horn of Africa region, which they recognised as a separate genus <fo:inline font-style="italic">Erythroseris</fo:inline>, to represent the sister group of <fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> on the basis of morphological and molecular evidence.
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<fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> is very uniform in its general appearance and easily recognisable. According to Kilian & Gemeinholzer (2007), the combination of the following four features is most characteristic of <fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline>: (1) comparatively thick peduncles of those capitula that are not sessile and clustered in the leaf axils, (2) bright blue flowers, (3) a minute, (1-)2-seriate, irregularly scaly pappus, and (4) sturdy, obovoid to subcylindrical and faintly ribbed achenes. The species of <fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> are fairly similar to each other in both morphological and molecular features, indicating a sudden and rather recent speciation (Kiers 2000). <fo:inline font-style="italic">C. bottae</fo:inline> from the highlands of the SW Arabian Peninsula has been found in the nuclear and chloroplast marker sequence analyses as well as in a AFLP fingerprint analysis in a basal position and as sister group to the rest of <fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> (Kiers 2000).
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<h3>References</h3>
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Kiers A. M. 2000: Endive, chicory, and their wild relatives. A systematic and phylogenetic study of <fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium (Asteraceae)</fo:inline>. &ndash; Gorteria, Suppl. 5.
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Kilian N. & Gemeinholzer B. 2007: Studies in the <fo:inline font-style="italic">Compositae</fo:inline> of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra &ndash; 7. <fo:inline font-style="italic">Erythroseris</fo:inline>, a new genus and the previously unknown sister group of <fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium (Cichorieae</fo:inline> subtribe <fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichoriinae)</fo:inline>. &ndash; Willdenowia 37: 283-296.</fo:block><fo:block text-align="justify" margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:inline font-weight="bold">Description</fo:inline> — Herbs, perennial, [biennial or annual]. Stem usually solitary, branched in lower half. Involucre cylindric, hardened in fruit. Phyllaries in several series; outer phyllaries centripetally longer, imbricate; inner phyllaries in one row, equal in length. Receptacle naked. Florets bright blue. Achene subcylindric to obovoid, ± 3&ndash;5-angular, apex truncate. Pappus white, a tiny crown of fimbriate scales. 
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from: Shih C. & Kilian N. in Wu Z. Y. & al. (ed.), Flora of China 20&ndash;21: 350. 2011, Beijing & St Louis.</fo:block><fo:block text-align="justify" margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:inline font-weight="bold" keep-with-next="always"> Matériel examiné
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</fo:inline></fo:block><fo:inline font-weight="bold">Common names</fo:inline> — <fo:inline>Cikorior (Swedish), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Синя жлъчка (Bulgarian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Cigoriņš (Latvian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>هِنْدَبا (Arabic), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Ճարճատուկ (Armenian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Cicoria (Italian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Цикорий (Russian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Wegwarte (German), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Cykoria (Polish), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Sigur (Estonian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicorée (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Trūkažolė (Lithuanian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Endivia (Italian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>עֹלֶשׁ (Hebrew), </fo:inline><fo:inline>هِنْدَبا (Arabic), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Çikore (Albanian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>עולש (Hebrew), </fo:inline><fo:inline>菊苣属 ju ju shu (Chinese), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Чикоарэ (Romanian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Եղերդակ (Armenian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Цикорій (Ukrainian).</fo:inline><fo:block linefeed-treatment="preserve"><fo:block font-weight="bold" text-align="center"/>
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</fo:block><fo:block margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:block font-weight="bold" text-align="center">Cichorium bottae</fo:block></fo:block><fo:block margin-bottom="5mm" line-height="9.6pt" font-size="8pt"><fo:block text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">bottae</fo:inline> Deflers (<fo:inline>Deflers 1889: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>159</fo:inline>)<fo:inline> - Type: "Yemen, Sana'a valley, SSW of the town at 2300 m alt." [probably translation of label data], 10 Jun 1887, A. Deflers 539</fo:inline></fo:block></fo:block><fo:block text-align="justify" margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:inline font-weight="bold">Description</fo:inline> — Cushion-shaped perennial herb with stout taproot. The taproot much branched in the upper part with every branch giving rise to one or few rosettes. Stem usually not developed, otherwise up to 5, very rarely up to 25 cm long. Basal leaves oblanceolate to nearly linear, 0.5-7.5 x 0.1-0.8 cm, rounded to acute, entire to irregularly dentate or occasionally deeply incised, glabrous to puberulous. Cauline leaves, if present, like basal leaves but smaller towards apex. Capitula solitary or (along stems) in clusters of 2 or 3, sessile or on 0.5-1 cm long peduncles among basal leaves or rarely also along stems. Involucrum c. 4.5 mm wide. Outer phyllaries 1/2 - 3/4 times as long as inner phyllaries, erect or upper part reflexed, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 3.7-6.3 x 1.2-2 mm, the lower 1.8-3.8 mm part fleshy, upper part acute to acuminate or occasionally rounded, entire; glabrous or set with 0.05-0.35 mm long glandular or non-glandular hairs. Inner phyllaries 8, reflexed in flowering time and erect in fruiting time, and with lower part appressed against outer achenes, 7.5-10.5 x 1.1-2.8 mm; hairs absent or up to 0.6 mm long, glandular or not. Florets 10-13, when fully flowering maximally expanded in one (flat) plane; tube 1.7-3 mm long; plate 8.5-13.3 x 2.5-4.3 mm with acute, 0.6-2.0 mm long lobes. Style 69 mm long, upper part with spreading hairs over 2-3.5 mm, white; stigmatic lobes 1-2.4 mm long, white. Pappus consisting of a single row of patent to erecto-patent, irregularly shaped, but often ± 3-lobed, 0.1-0.35 mm long scales, those of inner florets rarely ending in 0.6-1.7 mm long tips. Achenes 1.5-2.2 x 1.0-1.3 mm, basally indistinctly ribbed, in the outer florets obovoid, the inner cylindrical.
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from: Kiers, A. M. 2000: Endivie, Chicory, and their wild relatives. A systematic and phylogenetic study of <fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> (<fo:inline font-style="italic">Asteraceae</fo:inline>). – Gorteria, Suppl. 5.</fo:block><fo:block text-align="justify" margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:inline font-weight="bold" keep-with-next="always"> Matériel examiné
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</fo:inline></fo:block><fo:block text-align="justify" margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:inline font-weight="bold">Credits</fo:inline> — Mies B. 2009: Images (1 added)</fo:block><fo:block linefeed-treatment="preserve"><fo:block font-weight="bold" text-align="center"/>
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</fo:block><fo:block margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:block font-weight="bold" text-align="center">Cichorium endivia</fo:block></fo:block><fo:block margin-bottom="5mm" line-height="9.6pt" font-size="8pt"><fo:block text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">endivia</fo:inline> L. (<fo:inline>C. von Linnaeus 1753: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>813</fo:inline>) - <fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">esculentum</fo:inline> Salisb. (<fo:inline>R.A. Salisbury 1796: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>183</fo:inline>) - <fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">endivia</fo:inline> (L.) C. B. Clarke (<fo:inline>C. B. Clarke 1876: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>250</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">crispum</fo:inline> Mill. (<fo:inline> 1768: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>n. 4</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">endivia</fo:inline> var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">angustifolium</fo:inline> DC. (<fo:inline> 1805: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>68</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">endivia</fo:inline> var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">crispum</fo:inline> DC. (<fo:inline> 1805: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>68</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">endivia</fo:inline> var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">latifolium</fo:inline> DC. (<fo:inline> 1805: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>68</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">endivia</fo:inline> var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">sativa</fo:inline> DC. (<fo:inline> 1838: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>84</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">calvum</fo:inline> Asch. (<fo:inline> 1867: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>143</fo:inline>)<fo:inline> - Type: "anon. s. n., s. d." (P) (acc. to Miers, Gorteria Suppl. 5.: 68. 2000]</fo:inline></fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">endivia</fo:inline> subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">sativum</fo:inline> Cout. (<fo:inline> 1913: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>662</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">endivia</fo:inline> var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">roborovskyi</fo:inline> Tzvelev (<fo:inline> 2007: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>1748</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">calvum</fo:inline> Sch. Bip. (<fo:inline> 1859: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>7</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">casnia</fo:inline> Wall. (<fo:inline> : </fo:inline> <fo:inline>3241</fo:inline>)</fo:block></fo:block><fo:block text-align="justify" margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:inline font-weight="bold">Description</fo:inline> — Herb, annual, (5)-10-60-(170) cm high. Taproot thin. Flowering stems erect or spreading-erect, sulcate, yellowish green, glabrous to pubescent or sometimes woolly, usually strongly branched with divaricate branches. Cauline leaves very variable. Lower cauline leaves oblong or narrowly obovate, 15.0-30.0-(45.0) cm long, 2.0-6.0-(18.0) cm wide, subentire, runcinate, pinnatifid or lyrate-pinnatifid, sometimes undulate in cultivars, rounded to acute. Middle and upper cauline leaves variable, entire to pinnatifid, sometimes dentate, rounded or acute, amplexicaul and auriculate, the auricles exceeding the stem-diameter, apically increasingly smaller. Synflorescence spiciform or paniculiform with the lateral heads in dense clusters. Peduncle (0.0)-9.0-20.0 cm long, 3.0-4.0 mm in diameter, often swollen. Heads with 15-20 flowers. Involucre at flowering campanulate, 8.0-10.0 mm long, at flowering (3.5)-6.0-8.0 mm in diameter; outer involucral bracts ovate to elliptic, 7.0-12.0 mm long, (2.0)-4.0-5.0-(10.0) mm wide, acuminate to acute, midbrib conspicuously pale, margin minutely ciliate with often remote cilia; inner involucral bracts oblong, 10.0-12.5 mm long, 2.0-3.0 mm wide, obtuse to subacute, margin minutely ciliate to glabrous. Receptacle flat, somewhat pitted, naked. Corolla ligulate, light blue, puberulous dorsally; tube 2.0-3.2 mm long; ligule 9.0-14.0-(19.0) mm long, 3.0-4.5 mm wide. Anthertube c. 3.5 mm long; apical appendages obtuse. Style (6.5)-9.0-10.5 mm long, blue; branches 1.5-3.0 mm long. Achenes obovoid or turbinate in outline, 2.0-3.5 mm long, 1.0-1.5 mm wide, densely verrucose, brown with darker marbling, prominently ribbed, truncate. Pappus white, 0.4-1.5 mm long, paleaceous with oblong or obovate, erose-laciniate scales.
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Based on: Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR 29, Compositae , Tribe Cichorieae . – Enfield; Kiers, A. M. 2000: Endivie, Chicory, and their wild relatives. A systematic amd phylogenetic study of Cichorium ( Asteraceae ). – Gorteria, Suppl. 5; Meikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. – Kew; Sell, P. and Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge.</fo:block><fo:block text-align="justify" margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:inline font-weight="bold" keep-with-next="always"> Matériel examiné
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</fo:inline></fo:block><fo:inline font-weight="bold">Common names</fo:inline> — <fo:inline>עֹלֶשׁ מָצוּי (Hebrew), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Kore (Albanian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Чикоарэ эндивие (Romanian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Sydcikoria (Swedish), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Szczerbak wielki (Polish), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Endivia (Italian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Endywia (Polish), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Цикорій справжній (Ukrainian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>עולש מצוי (Hebrew), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Endive (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Scarole (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Ендивій (Ukrainian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Čekanka štěrbák (Czech), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Endive (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Гладкоплодна синя жлъчка (Bulgarian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Endivie (German), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Endive (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicorée à rameaux (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Çikore (Albanian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Endive (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicorée (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Endivia (Italian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicorée endive (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicon (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicorée endive (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicorée frisée (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Cykoria endywia (Polish), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Kahlfrüchtige Wegwarte (German), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Endive (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Kkot-sang-chi (Korean), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Endive (English).</fo:inline><fo:block text-align="justify" margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:inline font-weight="bold">Credits</fo:inline> — Christodoulou C. S. 2009: Images (2 added).</fo:block><fo:block linefeed-treatment="preserve"><fo:block font-weight="bold" text-align="center"/>
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</fo:block><fo:block margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:block font-weight="bold" text-align="center">Cichorium hybridum</fo:block></fo:block><fo:block margin-bottom="5mm" line-height="9.6pt" font-size="8pt"><fo:block text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> × <fo:inline font-style="italic">hybridum</fo:inline> Heldr. ex Halácsy (<fo:inline>E. von Halácsy 1902: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>179</fo:inline>)</fo:block></fo:block><fo:block linefeed-treatment="preserve"><fo:block font-weight="bold" text-align="center"/>
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</fo:block><fo:block margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:block font-weight="bold" text-align="center">Cichorium intybus</fo:block></fo:block><fo:block margin-bottom="5mm" line-height="9.6pt" font-size="8pt"><fo:block text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> L. (<fo:inline>C. von Linnaeus 1753: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>813</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">sylvestre</fo:inline> Garsault (<fo:inline> 1764: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>t. 222</fo:inline>)<fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">sylvestre</fo:inline> Lam. (<fo:inline> 1779: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>120</fo:inline>)<fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">rigidum</fo:inline> Salisb. (<fo:inline> 1796: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>183</fo:inline>)<fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">perenne</fo:inline> Stokes (<fo:inline> 1812: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>133</fo:inline>)<fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">glaucum</fo:inline> Hoffmanns. & Link (<fo:inline> 1825: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>178</fo:inline>)<fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">glaucum</fo:inline> (Hoffmanns. & Link) Tzvelev (<fo:inline> 1964: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>17</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">hirsutum</fo:inline> Gren. (<fo:inline> 1838: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>137</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">indivisum</fo:inline> Vis. (<fo:inline> 1847: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>97</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">silvestre</fo:inline> Vis. (<fo:inline> 1847: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>97</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> f. <fo:inline font-style="italic">sativum</fo:inline> Bisch. (<fo:inline> 1851: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>26</fo:inline>)<fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">sativum</fo:inline> (Bisch.) Janch. (<fo:inline> 1959: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>239</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> f. <fo:inline font-style="italic">sylvestre</fo:inline> Bisch. (<fo:inline> 1851: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>25</fo:inline>)<fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">sylvestre</fo:inline> (Bisch.) Janch.</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">byzantinum</fo:inline> Clementi (<fo:inline> 1857: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>285</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">balearicum</fo:inline> Porta (<fo:inline> 1887: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>311</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">eglandulosum</fo:inline> Freyn & Sint. (<fo:inline> 1894: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>259</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">illyricum</fo:inline> Borb.<fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">illyricum</fo:inline> (Borb.) Jáv.</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">sativum</fo:inline> DC. (<fo:inline> 1805: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>68</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">officinale</fo:inline> Gueldenst. ex Ledeb. (<fo:inline> 1846: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>774</fo:inline>)</fo:block></fo:block><fo:block text-align="justify" margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:inline font-weight="bold">Description</fo:inline> — Herbs 40&ndash;110 cm tall, perennial, with a strong taproot. Stem usually solitary, erect; branches spreading-ascending, subglabrous. Basal leaves rosulate, obovate to oblanceolate, 15&ndash;34 × 2&ndash;4 cm, attenuate into a petiole-like basal portion, undivided to usually runcinately pinnatipartite, sparsely covered with long multicellular hairs, base attenuate, margin dentate; lateral lobes 3&ndash;6 pairs, triangular; terminal lobe distinctly larger than lateral ones, apex rounded to acute. Stem leaves similar to basal leaves but smaller and less divided, gradually reduced toward stem apex, base clasping, apex acute. Synflorescence of main axis and larger branches spiciform-paniculiform. Capitula axillary and terminal, solitary or in clusters of a few, sessile or on a several cm long, thick, and apically slightly inflated peduncle, with usually 15&ndash;20 florets. Involucre cylindric, 0.9&ndash;1.4 cm. Phyllaries abaxially sparsely with glandular or simple hairs, apex ± acute; outer phyllaries lanceolate, longest > 1/2 as long as to approaching inner ones in length, spreading-erect, margin ciliate; inner phyllaries linear-lanceolate. Florets blue or exceptionally pink or bluish white. Achene brown, subcylindric to obovoid, 2&ndash;3 mm, stout, rugulose, apex truncate. Pappus (0.1&ndash;)0.2&ndash;0.3 mm. Fl. May&ndash;Oct. 2n = 18. 
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from: Shih C. & Kilian N. in Wu Z. Y. & al. (ed.), Flora of China 20&ndash;21: 350. 2011, Beijing & St Louis.
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Herb, perennial, 30-200 cm high. Taproot thick, lignified. Flowering stems stiffly erect, sulcate, yellowish green and often tinged brownish-purple, glabrous or thinly hispidulous, weakly branched; branches spreading-erect. Cauline leaves very variable. Lower cauline leaves ovate to obovate, 6.0-30.0-(60.0) cm long, (1.0)-5.0-12.0-(20.0) cm wide, runcinate, pinnatifid, entire or lyrate, petiole-like attenuate or sometimes cordate, pilose below and subglabrous with glandular hairs above. Middle and upper cauline leaves more or less amplexicaul, pilose on both sides, apically increasingly smaller. Synflorescence spiciform with the heads terminal or in groups of 2-4-(-8) in the axils of upper leaves. Peduncle very short, slightly swollen, glabrous or subglabrous. Heads with (12)-15-19-(25) flowers. Involucre at flowering cylindrical, 8.0-14.0 mm long; outer involucral bracts elliptic to ovate, 4.0-12.5-(16.0) mm long, 2.0-4.0 mm wide, acuminate to acute, subglabrous or thinly glandular, midbrib conspicuously pale, indurated, margin minutely ciliate; inner involucral bracts linear, 7.5-14.5-(16.5) mm long, 1.5-2.0-(4.0) mm wide, subacute, somewhat hooded, thinly glandular or glabrous. Receptacle flat, pitted, naked. Flowers closing soon after midday. Corolla ligulate, light blue, rarely white or pink; tube 1.5-3.2 mm long; ligule (10.0)-15.0-19.0 mm long, 4.0-5.0 mm wide. Anthertube 5.0-6.0 mm long; apical appendages obtuse or rounded. Style (6.5)-10.0-12.0 mm long, blue; branches (1.5)-2.5-3.0 mm long. Achenes cylindrical to obovoid in outline, 1.0-3.0 mm long, 1.0-1.5 mm wide, densely verrucose, brown with darker marbling, weakly ribbed, truncate. Pappus white, 0.2-0.5-(0.6) mm long, paleaceous with subacute, ovate, erose scales.
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Based on: Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR 29, Compositae , Tribe Cichorieae . – Enfield; Kiers, A. M. 2000: Endivie, Chicory, and their wild relatives. A systematic amd phylogenetic study of Cichorium ( Asteraceae ). – Gorteria, Suppl. 5; Meikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. – Kew; Sell, P. and Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge.</fo:block><fo:block text-align="justify" margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:inline font-weight="bold" keep-with-next="always"> Matériel examiné
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</fo:inline></fo:block><fo:inline font-weight="bold">Common names</fo:inline> — <fo:inline>Chicon (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Paprastoji trūkažolė (Lithuanian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Цикорий обыкновенный (Russian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Harilik sigur (Estonian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Cicoria comune (Italian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Witlof (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Sallatscikoria (Swedish), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicorée amère (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicorée (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Cykoria podróżnik siewna (Polish), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Parastais cigoriņš (Latvian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Escarola (Spanish; Castilian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Erba amara (Corsican), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Radicchio (Italian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Achicoria de bruselas (Spanish; Castilian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicorée (Spanish; Castilian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicorée sauvage (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Čekanka obecná setá (Czech), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Barbe de capucin (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>هِنْدَبا بَرِّيَّة (Arabic), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Ճարճատուկ սովորական (Armenian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Gewöhnliche Wegwarte (German), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Zichorie (German), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Cykoria podróżnik (Polish), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Çikore (Albanian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Kore (Albanian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Wild chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Wegwarte (German), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Петрові батоги (Ukrainian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Achicoria (Spanish; Castilian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Vägvårda (Swedish), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicorée (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicorée sauvage (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicorée amère (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicorée sauvage (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicoria (Spanish; Castilian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Cicoria comune (Italian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Чикоарэ комунэ (Romanian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicorée de Bruxelles (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Endive (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Cikorie (Danish), </fo:inline><fo:inline>هِنْدَبا بَرِّيَّة (Arabic), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicorée amère (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Witloof (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicorée blonde (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Цикорій дикий (Ukrainian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicorée rouge (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Endive (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>菊苣 ju ju (Chinese), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Cikoria (Swedish), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Achicoria (Spanish; Castilian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Грапавоплодна синя жлъчка (Bulgarian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Sikuri (Finnish), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Sikori (Norwegian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Čekanka obecná (Czech), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Crispinu (Corsican), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Wild Chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicorée (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>kasni (Urdu), </fo:inline><fo:inline>almeirao (Portuguese), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Bunk Chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Kasni (Hindi), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Succory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>chicoria (Arabic), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Hindabah (Arabic), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicória-brava (Portuguese), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Kasni (Hindi), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Sigorei (Dutch; Flemish), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Almeirão (Portuguese), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Kasni (Hindi), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Kasni (Hindi), </fo:inline><fo:inline>chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chicory (English), </fo:inline><fo:inline>hindibaa bareeya (Arabic), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Chi-ko-ri (), </fo:inline><fo:inline>succory (English).</fo:inline><fo:block text-align="justify" margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:inline font-weight="bold">Credits</fo:inline> — Willing E. 2012: Images (2 added)</fo:block><fo:block linefeed-treatment="preserve"><fo:block font-weight="bold" text-align="center"/>
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Unformatted title for rank uuid: 462a7819-8b00-4190-8313-88b5be81fad5: Cichorium intybus subsp. spicatum I. Ricci</fo:block><fo:block margin-bottom="5mm" line-height="9.6pt" font-size="8pt"><fo:block text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">spicatum</fo:inline> I. Ricci (<fo:inline>I. Ricci 2007: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>142</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">glabratum</fo:inline> C. Presl (<fo:inline> 1826: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>XXXII</fo:inline>)<fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">glabratum</fo:inline> (C. Presl) Gren. & Godr. (<fo:inline> 1850: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>286</fo:inline>)<fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">glabratum</fo:inline> (C. Presl) Arcang. (<fo:inline> 1882: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>413</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">cicorea</fo:inline> Dumort. (<fo:inline> 1827: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>64</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">leucophaeum</fo:inline> Gren. & Godr. (<fo:inline> 1850: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>286</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">foliosum</fo:inline> Hegi (<fo:inline> 1928: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>997</fo:inline>)<fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">foliosum</fo:inline> (Hegi) Janch. (<fo:inline> 1959: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>240</fo:inline>)<fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> convar. <fo:inline font-style="italic">foliosum</fo:inline> (Hegi) J. Holub (<fo:inline> 1993: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>107</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> convar. <fo:inline font-style="italic">radicosum</fo:inline> (Alef.) J. Holub (<fo:inline> 1993: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>107</fo:inline>)<fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">radicosum</fo:inline> Alef.</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> L.subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> </fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">caeruleum</fo:inline> Gilib. (<fo:inline> 1782: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>224</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">commune</fo:inline> Pall. (<fo:inline> 1776: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>655</fo:inline>)</fo:block></fo:block><fo:block text-align="justify" margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:inline font-weight="bold">Description</fo:inline> — Plant up to 150 cm, branched mainly in upper part. Basal leaves with lamina oblanceolate to oblong-oblanceolate, acute at apex, sinuate-denticulate or dentate; lower cauline similar to basal, the upper ovate-oblong, lanceolate-oblong or lanceolate, acute at apex, more or less amplexicaul with rounded auricles; all more or less hairy on both surfaces. Inner involucral bracts 13-15 mm, oblong-lanceolate.
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from: Sell, P. & Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge.</fo:block><fo:block text-align="justify" margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:inline font-weight="bold" keep-with-next="always"> Matériel examiné
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</fo:block><fo:block margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:block font-weight="bold" text-align="center">Cichorium novum</fo:block></fo:block><fo:block margin-bottom="5mm" line-height="9.6pt" font-size="8pt"><fo:block text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">novum</fo:inline> L. (<fo:inline> 1753: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>333</fo:inline>)</fo:block></fo:block><fo:block linefeed-treatment="preserve"><fo:block font-weight="bold" text-align="center"/>
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</fo:block><fo:block margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:block font-weight="bold" text-align="center">Cichorium pumilum</fo:block></fo:block><fo:block margin-bottom="5mm" line-height="9.6pt" font-size="8pt"><fo:block text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">pumilum</fo:inline> Jacq. (<fo:inline>N.J. von Jacquin 1771: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>3</fo:inline>) - <fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">endivia</fo:inline> var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">pumilum</fo:inline> (Jacq.) Vis. (<fo:inline>R. de Visiani 1847: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>97</fo:inline>) - <fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">pumilum</fo:inline> (Jacq.) Ball (<fo:inline>Ball 1878: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>534</fo:inline>) - <fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">endivia</fo:inline> subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">pumilum</fo:inline> (Jacq.) Cout. (<fo:inline>A.X.P. Coutinho 1913: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>662</fo:inline>)<fo:inline> - Type: "Patriam ignoro."</fo:inline></fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">divaricatum</fo:inline> Schousb. (<fo:inline> 1800: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>197</fo:inline>)<fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">divaricatum</fo:inline> (Schousb.) DC. (<fo:inline> 1838: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>84</fo:inline>)<fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">endivia</fo:inline> subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">divaricatum</fo:inline> (Schousb.) P. D. Sell (<fo:inline> 1976: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>240</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">ambiguum</fo:inline> Schult. (<fo:inline> 1809: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>170</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">minimum</fo:inline> Port. (<fo:inline> 1824: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>16</fo:inline>)<fo:inline> - Type: [Croatia] "Hab. in insulae Lesinae arvis."</fo:inline></fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">dichotomum</fo:inline> Link (<fo:inline> 1829: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>811</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">glandulosum</fo:inline> Boiss. & A. Huet (<fo:inline> 1856: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>87</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">callosum</fo:inline> Pomel (<fo:inline> 1874: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>17</fo:inline>)</fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">polystachyum</fo:inline> Pomel (<fo:inline> 1874: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>18</fo:inline>)<fo:inline> - Type: [Algeria] "Dans les cultures à Relizane."</fo:inline></fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">noeanum</fo:inline> Boiss. (<fo:inline> 1875: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>717</fo:inline>)<fo:inline> - Type: [Iraq] "Hab. in cultis et ruderatis Babyloniae prope Kutt ad Tigrim", Noë, Exs. 58</fo:inline></fo:block><fo:block text-align="start" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">nanum</fo:inline> Port. ex Nyman (<fo:inline> 1879: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>472</fo:inline>)</fo:block></fo:block><fo:block text-align="justify" margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:inline font-weight="bold">Description</fo:inline> — Annual herb with slender taproot. Stem 6-40 cm, the main axis with usually 2-3 lateral branches or rarely branched from the base. Basal leaves ovate to obovate, rounded to acute, 2 1/2-20 x 0.7-4 cm, irregularly dentate to deeply incised, glabrous to puberulous. Cauline leaves like basal leaves but much smaller and ovate with entire to dentate margins, in upper half of inflorescence always smaller than 1 x 1/2 cm. Capitula solitary or clustered in groups of 2(-4), sessile or on up to 4-8(10) cm long, apically thickened peduncles, which are 3-4 mm in cross-section. Involucrum 3-4 1/2 mm wide. Outer phyllaries 3/4 times as long to slightly longer than inner phyllaries, upper part reflexed, ovate or elliptic to (ovate-)lanceolate, 3 1/2-12 x 1 1/2-4 1/2 mm, the lower 2-5 mm part fleshy, upper part acute to acuminate, rarely rounded or mucronate, more or less entire or dentate in upper part; glabrous or set with 0.10-2.5(3.9) mm long, glandular or non-glandular hairs. Inner phyllaries 8, 6-11.5 x 0.8-2.8 mm; hairs absent or up to 2 1/4 mm long, glandular or not, situated outside at midvein in upper part. Florets 9-14, when fully flowering half-patent, together forming a wide cup; tube 2.2-4.5 mm long; plate 8.8-14.5 x 2.5-4.5 mm, with 0.2-1 mm long lobes. Style 6-10 1/2 mm long, upper part with spreading hairs over 1.1-3.5 mm, blue; stigmatic lobes 0.8-2.5 mm long, blue. Pappus consisting of 1 to 3 rows of irregularly shaped, erect to erecto-patent, 0.15-1.2 mm long, rounded to acute scales, in the outer florets narrower at centripetal side, pappus of inner florets narrower and often ending in 1/2-2 mm long tips. Achenes 2.0-2.5 x 1-1.5 mm, obovoid to cylindrical, weakly ribbed.
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from: Kiers, A. M. 2000: Endivie, Chicory, and their wild relatives. A systematic and phylogenetic study of <fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> (<fo:inline font-style="italic">Asteraceae</fo:inline>). – Gorteria, Suppl. 5.</fo:block><fo:block text-align="justify" margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:inline font-weight="bold" keep-with-next="always"> Matériel examiné
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</fo:inline></fo:block><fo:inline font-weight="bold">Common names</fo:inline> — <fo:inline>Chicorée naine (French), </fo:inline><fo:inline>هِنْدَبا قَزِمَة (Arabic), </fo:inline><fo:inline>عِلْت (Arabic), </fo:inline><fo:inline>خُرْويع (Arabic), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Цикорий железистый (Russian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Ճարճատուկ գեղձավոր (Armenian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>مَقْد (Arabic), </fo:inline><fo:inline>مَقْد (Arabic), </fo:inline><fo:inline>هِنْدَبا قَزِمَة (Arabic), </fo:inline><fo:inline>خُرْويع (Arabic), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Endivia selvatica (Italian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>عِلْت (Arabic), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Klubbcikoria (Swedish), </fo:inline><fo:inline>Hindabah (Arabic).</fo:inline><fo:block linefeed-treatment="preserve"><fo:block font-weight="bold" text-align="center"/>
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</fo:block><fo:block margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:block font-weight="bold" text-align="center">Cichorium spinosum</fo:block></fo:block><fo:block margin-bottom="5mm" line-height="9.6pt" font-size="8pt"><fo:block text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">spinosum</fo:inline> L. (<fo:inline>C. von Linnaeus 1753: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>813</fo:inline>) - <fo:inline font-style="italic">Acanthophyton</fo:inline> <fo:inline font-style="italic">spinosum</fo:inline> (L.) Less. (<fo:inline>C.F. Lessing 1832: </fo:inline> <fo:inline>128</fo:inline>)<fo:inline> - Type: "Habitat in Cretae, Siciliae collibus arenosis maritimis."</fo:inline><fo:inline> - Type: Herb. Linn. No. 962.4 (LINN) </fo:inline></fo:block></fo:block><fo:block text-align="justify" margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:inline font-weight="bold">Description</fo:inline> — Herb or subshrub, perennial, (3)-5-15-(30) cm high. Flowering stems sulcate, glabrous, mostly leafless, bluntly spinose or spinescent, strongly branched. Cauline leaves mostly restricted to the bases of the stem. Lower cauline leaves narrowly obovate, 3.0-10.0-(14.0) cm long, 0.3-1.0 cm wide, lyrate to runcinate to entire, entire or sometimes dentate at lateral lobes, petiole-like attenuate, glabrous; terminal lobe oblong, acute to obtuse; lateral lobes deltoid to oblong, obtuse. Middle and upper cauline leaves apically increasingly smaller. Synflorescence with 1 head or with up to 5 heads, lateral or in the axils of the branches, rarely terminal. Peduncle absent. Heads with 5-6-(7) flowers. Involucre at flowering cylindrical, 2.0-2.7 mm in diameter; outer involucral bracts ovate to elliptic, 2.5-4.0 mm long, c. 2.0 mm wide, acute to subacute, glabrous, midbrib conspicuously pale, indurated; inner involucral bracts oblong, 8.0-9.0 mm long, (1.2)-2.0-3.0 mm wide, subacute, slightly hooded, glabrous, margin narrowly scarious. Corolla ligulate, mostly blue, rarely white or pink, subglabrous or glabrous; tube 1.4-2.0 mm long; ligule (7.2)-9.0-12.0 mm long, c. 3.0 mm wide. Anthertube c. 4.0 mm long; apical appendages rounded. Style 5.5-8.5 mm long; branches c. 2.0 mm long. Achenes cylindrical to turbinate in outline, 1.5-2.5 mm long, 0.7-1.3 mm wide, glabrous, minutely verrucose, pale brown, ribbed. Pappus white, up to 0.4 mm long, paleaceous with oblong, erose-laciniate scales.
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Kiers, A. M. 2000: Endivie, Chicory, and their wild relatives. A systematic amd phylogenetic study of Cichorium ( Asteraceae ). – Gorteria, Suppl. 5; Sell, P. D. 1976: 145. Scolymus L., 146. Cichorium L., 147. Catananche L., 148. Rothmaleria Font Quer und 149. Hymenonema Cass. – Pp. 304-306 in: Tutin, G. & al. (ed.), Flora Europaea 4. – Cambridge; Meikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. – Kew.</fo:block><fo:block text-align="justify" margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:inline font-weight="bold" keep-with-next="always"> Matériel examiné
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</fo:inline></fo:block><fo:inline font-weight="bold">Common names</fo:inline> — <fo:inline>Cicoria spinosa (Italian), </fo:inline><fo:inline>stamnangathia (Greek, Modern (1453-)).</fo:inline><fo:block text-align="justify" margin-bottom="5mm"><fo:inline font-weight="bold">Credits</fo:inline> — Christodoulou C. S. 2009: Images (3 added).</fo:block><fo:block linefeed-treatment="preserve"><fo:block font-weight="bold" text-align="center"/>
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linefeed-treatment="preserve" text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline/></fo:block><fo:block linefeed-treatment="preserve" text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline/></fo:block><fo:block linefeed-treatment="preserve" text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline/></fo:block><fo:block linefeed-treatment="preserve" text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline/></fo:block><fo:block linefeed-treatment="preserve" text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline/></fo:block><fo:block linefeed-treatment="preserve" text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline><fo:inline>Bodkin F.</fo:inline> (1986) Encyclopaedia Botanica. The Essential Reference Guide to Native and Exotic Plants in Australia. - North Ryde.
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</fo:inline></fo:block><fo:block linefeed-treatment="preserve" text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline><fo:inline>Brouillet L. & </fo:inline><fo:inline>Coursol F. & </fo:inline><fo:inline>Favreau M. & </fo:inline><fo:inline>Anions M.</fo:inline>VASCAN, the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada.
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</fo:inline></fo:block><fo:block linefeed-treatment="preserve" text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline><fo:inline>De Koning J.</fo:inline> (1993) Checklist of vernacular plant names in Mozambique. – Wageningen Agr. Univ. Pap. 93.2.
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</fo:inline></fo:block><fo:block linefeed-treatment="preserve" text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline><fo:inline>Lazkov G. A. & </fo:inline><fo:inline>Sultanova B. A.</fo:inline>Kadastr flory Kyrgyzstana: sosudistye rasteniya / Checklist of vascular plants of Kyrgyzstan. &ndash; Norrlinia . 24:
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</fo:inline></fo:block><fo:block linefeed-treatment="preserve" text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline><fo:inline>Nelson Sutherland C. H.</fo:inline>Catálogo de las plants vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas..
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</fo:inline></fo:block><fo:block linefeed-treatment="preserve" text-align="justify" text-indent="-4mm" start-indent="4mm"><fo:inline><fo:inline>Wu Z. Y. & </fo:inline><fo:inline> </fo:inline> (2011) Flora of China. 20-21:
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Noms scientifiques</fo:block>
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<fo:block margin-bottom="5mm" text-align="justify"><fo:block><fo:inline font-style="italic">Acanthophyton</fo:inline> Less.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">spinosum</fo:inline> (L.) Less.</fo:block><fo:block><fo:inline font-style="italic">Cichorium</fo:inline> L.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">ambiguum</fo:inline> Schult.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">balearicum</fo:inline> Porta</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">bottae</fo:inline> Deflers</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">byzantinum</fo:inline> Clementi</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">caeruleum</fo:inline> Gilib.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">callosum</fo:inline> Pomel</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">calvum</fo:inline> Asch.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">calvum</fo:inline> Sch. Bip.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">casnia</fo:inline> Wall.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">cicorea</fo:inline> Dumort.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">commune</fo:inline> Pall.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">crispum</fo:inline> Mill.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">dichotomum</fo:inline> Link</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">divaricatum</fo:inline> Schousb.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">endivia</fo:inline> L.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">– var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">endivia</fo:inline> DC.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">– var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">endivia</fo:inline> DC.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">– var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">endivia</fo:inline> DC.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">– var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">endivia</fo:inline> DC.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">- subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">sativum</fo:inline> Cout.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">– var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">endivia</fo:inline> Tzvelev</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">- subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">divaricatum</fo:inline> (Schousb.) P. D. Sell</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">– var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">endivia</fo:inline> (Jacq.) Vis.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">- subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">pumilum</fo:inline> (Jacq.) Cout.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">esculentum</fo:inline> Salisb.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">glabratum</fo:inline> C. Presl</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">glandulosum</fo:inline> Boiss. & A. Huet</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">glaucum</fo:inline> Hoffmanns. & Link</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">hirsutum</fo:inline> Gren.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">hybridum</fo:inline> Heldr. ex Halácsy</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">illyricum</fo:inline> Borb.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">– var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> (L.) C. B. Clarke</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> L.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">- subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">glaucum</fo:inline> (Hoffmanns. & Link) Tzvelev</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">– var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> Vis.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">– var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> Vis.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">- subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">sativum</fo:inline> (Bisch.) Janch.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">- subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">sylvestre</fo:inline> (Bisch.) Janch.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">– var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> Freyn & Sint.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">- subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">illyricum</fo:inline> (Borb.) Jáv.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">– var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> DC.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">- subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">spicatum</fo:inline> I. Ricci</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">– var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> (C. Presl) Gren. & Godr.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">- subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">glabratum</fo:inline> (C. Presl) Arcang.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">– var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> Gren. & Godr.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">– var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> Hegi</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">- subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">foliosum</fo:inline> (Hegi) Janch.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">– var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> Alef.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">- subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> L.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">– var. <fo:inline font-style="italic">intybus</fo:inline> (Schousb.) DC.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm">- subsp. <fo:inline font-style="italic">pumilum</fo:inline> (Jacq.) Ball</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">minimum</fo:inline> Port.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">nanum</fo:inline> Port. ex Nyman</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">noeanum</fo:inline> Boiss.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">novum</fo:inline> L.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">officinale</fo:inline> Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">perenne</fo:inline> Stokes</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">polystachyum</fo:inline> Pomel</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">pumilum</fo:inline> Jacq.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">rigidum</fo:inline> Salisb.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">spinosum</fo:inline> L.</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">sylvestre</fo:inline> Garsault</fo:block><fo:block text-indent="4mm"><fo:inline font-style="italic">sylvestre</fo:inline> Lam.</fo:block></fo:block></fo:block></fo:flow></fo:page-sequence></fo:root>
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