EDIT

/**

* Copyright (C) 2016 EDIT

* European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy

* http://www.e-taxonomy.eu

*

* The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version 1.1

* See LICENSE.TXT at the top of this package for the full license terms.

*/

package eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.cache.reference;

import java.time.ZonedDateTime;

import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;

import java.util.UUID;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.common.CdmUtils;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.agent.TeamOrPersonBase;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.CdmBase;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.TimePeriod;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.reference.INomenclaturalReference;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.reference.Reference;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.reference.ReferenceType;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.StrategyBase;

/**

 * #5833

 * The new single default cache strategy for {@link Reference references}.

 * As we do have only one {@link Reference} class left which implements multiple interfaces,

 * we may also only need 1 single cache strategy. However, care must be taken as the formatting

 * differs dependent on the type an the in-reference structure.

 *

 * Generally the cache strategy computes allows 3 formattings:<BR>

 *

 *  1.) for bibliographic references (stored in {@link Reference#getTitleCache() titleCache}).<BR>

 *

 *  2.) for nomenclatural references (stored in {@link Reference#getAbbrevTitleCache() abbrevTitleCache}),

 *      but without micro reference (detail).<BR>

 *

 *  3.) for nomenclatural references with micro reference, but not stored anywhere as the micro reference

 *      is part of the name, not of the reference<BR>

 *

 *  4.) for short citation (e.g. Author 2009) as defined in {@link IReferenceCacheStrategy#getCitation(Reference)}

 *

 * @author a.mueller

 * @date 25.05.2016

 *

 */

public class DefaultReferenceCacheStrategy extends StrategyBase implements INomenclaturalReferenceCacheStrategy{

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6773742298840407263L;

    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(DefaultReferenceCacheStrategy.class);

    private final static UUID uuid = UUID.fromString("63e669ca-c6be-4a8a-b157-e391c22580f9");

    //article

    public static final String UNDEFINED_JOURNAL = "- undefined journal -";

    private static final String afterAuthor = ", ";

    //book

    //(book?) section

    private String afterSectionAuthor = " - ";

    //in reference

    private String inSeparator = "in ";

    private static final String afterInRefAuthor = ", ";

    //common

    private static final String blank = " ";

    private static final String beforeYear = ". ";

    private static final String beforeMicroReference = ": ";

    private static final String afterYear = "";

    private static final boolean trim = true;

// ************************ FACTORY ****************************/

    /**

     * Factory method

     * @return

     */

    public static DefaultReferenceCacheStrategy NewInstance(){

        return new DefaultReferenceCacheStrategy();

    }

    @Override

    protected UUID getUuid() {

        return uuid;

    }

// ******************************* Main methods ******************************/

    @Override

    public String getTitleCache(Reference reference) {

        if (reference == null){

            return null;

        }

        if (reference.isProtectedTitleCache()){

            return reference.getTitleCache();

        }

        boolean isNotAbbrev = false;

        String result;

        ReferenceType type = reference.getType();

        if (isRealInRef(reference)){

            result = titleCacheRealInRef(reference, isNotAbbrev);

        }else if(isNomRef(type)){

            //all Non-InRef NomRefs

            result =  getTitleWithoutYearAndAuthor(reference, isNotAbbrev);

            result = addPages(result, reference);

            result = addYear(result, reference, false);

            TeamOrPersonBase<?> team = reference.getAuthorship();

            if (type == ReferenceType.Article){

                result = CdmUtils.concat(" ", reference.getTitle(), result);

                if (team != null &&  isNotBlank(team.getTitleCache())){

                    String authorSeparator = isNotBlank(reference.getTitle())? afterAuthor : " ";

                    result = team.getTitleCache() + authorSeparator + result;

                }

            }else{  //if Book, CdDvd, flat Generic, Thesis, WebPage

                if (team != null){

                    String teamTitle = CdmUtils.getPreferredNonEmptyString(team.getTitleCache(),

                            team.getNomenclaturalTitle(), isNotAbbrev, trim);

                    if (teamTitle.length() > 0 ){

                        String concat = isNotBlank(result) ? afterAuthor : "";

                        result = teamTitle + concat + result;

                    }

                }

            }

        }else if (type == ReferenceType.Journal){

            result = titleCacheJournal(reference, isNotAbbrev);

        }else{

            result = titleCacheDefaultReference(reference, isNotAbbrev);

        }

        if (reference.getType() == ReferenceType.WebPage && reference.getUri() != null){

            //might become UTF8.EN_DASH in future

            result = CdmUtils.concat(" - ", result, reference.getUri().toString());

        }

        if(reference.getAccessed() != null){

            //TODO still a bit preliminary, also brackets may change in future

            result = result + " [accessed " + getAccessedString(reference.getAccessed()) +"]";

        }

        return result;

    }

    /**

     * @param accessed

     * @return

     */

    private String getAccessedString(ZonedDateTime accessed) {

        DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm");

        String result = accessed.format(formatter);

        if (result.endsWith(" 00:00")){

            result = result.replace(" 00:00", "");

        }

        return result;

    }

    /**

     * @param result

     * @param reference

     * @return

     */

    private String addPages(String result, Reference reference) {

        //pages

        if (isNotBlank(reference.getPages())){

            //Removing trailing added just in case, maybe not necessary

            result = RemoveTrailingDot(Nz(result)).trim() + ": " + reference.getPages();

        }

        return result;

    }

    /**

     * @param nz

     * @return

     */

    private static String RemoveTrailingDot(String str) {

        if (str != null && str.endsWith(".")){

            str = str.substring(0, str.length()-1);

        }

        return str;

    }

    @Override

    public String getFullAbbrevTitleString(Reference reference) {

        if (reference == null){

            return null;

        }

        String result;

        ReferenceType type = reference.getType();

        boolean isAbbrev = true;

        if (reference.isProtectedAbbrevTitleCache()){

            return reference.getAbbrevTitleCache();

        }

        if (type == ReferenceType.Article){

            result =  getTitleWithoutYearAndAuthor(reference, isAbbrev);

            boolean useFullDatePublished = false;

            result = addYear(result, reference, useFullDatePublished);

            TeamOrPersonBase<?> team = reference.getAuthorship();

            String articleTitle = CdmUtils.getPreferredNonEmptyString(reference.getTitle(),

                    reference.getAbbrevTitle(), isAbbrev, trim);

            result = CdmUtils.concat(" ", articleTitle, result);  //Article should maybe left out for nomenclatural references (?)

            if (team != null &&  isNotBlank(team.getNomenclaturalTitle())){

                String authorSeparator = isNotBlank(articleTitle) ? afterAuthor : " ";

                result = team.getNomenclaturalTitle() + authorSeparator + result;

            }

        }else if (isRealInRef(reference)){

            result = titleCacheRealInRef(reference, isAbbrev);

        }else if (isNomRef(type)){

            //FIXME same as titleCache => try to merge, but note article case

            result =  getTitleWithoutYearAndAuthor(reference, isAbbrev);

            boolean useFullDatePublished = false;

            result = addYear(result, reference, useFullDatePublished);

            TeamOrPersonBase<?> team = reference.getAuthorship();

            if (team != null){

                String teamTitle = CdmUtils.getPreferredNonEmptyString(team.getTitleCache(),

                        team.getNomenclaturalTitle(), isAbbrev, trim);

                if (teamTitle.length() > 0 ){

                    String concat = isNotBlank(result) ? afterAuthor : "";

                    result = teamTitle + concat + result;

                }

            }

        }else if(type == ReferenceType.Journal){

            result = titleCacheJournal(reference, isAbbrev);

        }else{

            result = titleCacheDefaultReference(reference, isAbbrev);

        }

        return result;

    }

    @Override

    public String getCitation(Reference reference) {

        // mostly copied from nomRefCacheStrat, refCache, journalCache

        if (reference == null){

            return null;

        }

        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();

        TeamOrPersonBase<?> team = reference.getAuthorship();

        String nextConcat = "";

        if (team != null &&  isNotBlank(team.getTitleCache())){

            stringBuilder.append(team.getTitleCache() );

            //here is the difference between nomRef and others

            if (isNomRef(reference.getType())) {

                nextConcat = afterAuthor;

            }else{

                //FIXME check if this really makes sense

                stringBuilder.append(afterAuthor);

                nextConcat = beforeYear;

            }

        }

        String year = reference.getYear();

        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(year)){

            stringBuilder.append(nextConcat + year);

        }

        return stringBuilder.toString();

    }

    @Override

    public String getNomenclaturalCache(Reference reference) {

        return this.getNomenclaturalCitation(reference, null);

    }

// ************************ TITLE CACHE SUBS ********************************************/

    /**

     * @param reference

     * @param type

     * @param inRef

     * @param hasInRef

     * @return

     */

    private String titleCacheRealInRef(Reference reference, boolean isAbbrev) {

        ReferenceType type = reference.getType();

        Reference inRef = reference.getInReference();

        boolean hasInRef = (inRef != null);

        String result;

        //copy from InRefDefaultCacheStrategyBase

        if (inRef != null){

            result = CdmUtils.getPreferredNonEmptyString(inRef.getTitleCache(),

                    inRef.getAbbrevTitleCache(), isAbbrev, trim)  ;

        }else{

            result = String.format("- undefined %s -", getUndefinedLabel(type));

        }

        //in

        result = inSeparator +  result;

        //section title

        String title = CdmUtils.getPreferredNonEmptyString(

                reference.getTitle(), reference.getAbbrevTitle(), isAbbrev, trim);

        if (title.length() > 0){

            result = title + blank + result;

        }

        //section author

        TeamOrPersonBase<?> thisRefTeam = reference.getAuthorship();

        String thisRefAuthor = "";

        if (thisRefTeam != null){

            thisRefAuthor = CdmUtils.getPreferredNonEmptyString(thisRefTeam.getTitleCache(),

                    thisRefTeam.getNomenclaturalTitle(), isAbbrev, trim);

        }

        result = CdmUtils.concat(afterSectionAuthor, thisRefAuthor, result);

        //date

        if (reference.getDatePublished() != null && ! reference.getDatePublished().isEmpty()){

            String thisRefDate = reference.getDatePublished().toString();

            if (hasInRef && reference.getInBook().getDatePublished() != null){

                TimePeriod inRefDate = reference.getInReference().getDatePublished();

                String inRefDateString = inRefDate.getYear();

                if (isNotBlank(inRefDateString)){

                    int pos = StringUtils.lastIndexOf(result, inRefDateString);

                    if (pos > -1 ){

                        result = result.substring(0, pos) + thisRefDate + result.substring(pos + inRefDateString.length());

                    }else{

                        logger.warn("InRefDateString (" + inRefDateString + ") could not be found in result (" + result +")");

                    }

                }else{

                    //avoid duplicate dots ('..')

                    String bYearSeparator = result.substring(result.length() -1).equals(beforeYear.substring(0, 1)) ? beforeYear.substring(1) : beforeYear;

                    result = result + bYearSeparator + thisRefDate + afterYear;

                }

            }else{

                result = result + beforeYear + thisRefDate + afterYear;

            }

        }

        return result;

    }

    /**

     * @param reference

     * @return

     */

    private String titleCacheJournal(Reference reference, boolean isAbbrev) {

        String result;

        //copied from Journal

        //title

        result = CdmUtils.getPreferredNonEmptyString(reference.getTitle(),

                reference.getAbbrevTitle(), isAbbrev, trim);

//          //delete .

//          while (result.endsWith(".")){

//              result = result.substring(0, result.length()-1);

//          }

//          result = addYear(result, journal);

        TeamOrPersonBase<?> team = reference.getAuthorship();

        if (team != null){

            String author = CdmUtils.getPreferredNonEmptyString(team.getTitleCache(),

                    team.getNomenclaturalTitle(), isAbbrev, trim);

            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(author)){

                result = author + afterAuthor + result;

            }

        }

        return result;

    }

    /**

     * @param reference

     * @param isNotAbbrev

     * @return

     */

    private String titleCacheDefaultReference(Reference reference, boolean isAbbrev) {

        String result;

        //copied from ReferenceDefaultCacheStrategy

        result = "";

        String titel = CdmUtils.getPreferredNonEmptyString(reference.getTitle(),

                reference.getAbbrevTitle(), isAbbrev, trim);

        if (isNotBlank(titel)){

            result = titel + blank;

        }

        //delete .

        while (result.endsWith(".")){

            result = result.substring(0, result.length()-1);

        }

        result = addYearReferenceDefault(result, reference);

        TeamOrPersonBase<?> team = reference.getAuthorship();

        if (team != null){

            String author = CdmUtils.getPreferredNonEmptyString(team.getTitleCache(),

                    team.getNomenclaturalTitle(), isAbbrev, trim);

            if (isNotBlank(author)){

                result = author + afterAuthor + result;

            }

        }

        return result;

    }

// ******************************* HELPER *****************************************/

    @Override

    public String getBeforeMicroReference(){

        return beforeMicroReference;

    }

    private String addYear(String string, Reference nomRef, boolean useFullDatePublished){

        String result;

        if (string == null){

            return null;

        }

        String year = useFullDatePublished ? nomRef.getDatePublishedString() : nomRef.getYear();

        if (isBlank(year)){

            result = string + afterYear;

        }else{

            String concat = isBlank(string)  ? "" : string.endsWith(".")  ? " " : beforeYear;

            result = string + concat + year + afterYear;

        }

        return result;

    }

    private String getTitleWithoutYearAndAuthor(Reference ref, boolean isAbbrev){

        return TitleWithoutYearAndAuthorHelper.getTitleWithoutYearAndAuthor(ref, isAbbrev);

    }

    private String getTitleWithoutYearAndAuthorGeneric(Reference ref, boolean isAbbrev){

        return TitleWithoutYearAndAuthorHelper.getTitleWithoutYearAndAuthorGeneric(ref, isAbbrev);

    }

    /**

     * @param type

     * @return

     */

    private Object getUndefinedLabel(ReferenceType type) {

        if (type == ReferenceType.BookSection){

            return "book";

        }else if (type == ReferenceType.Generic){

            return "generic reference";

        }else if (type == ReferenceType.Section){

            return "in reference";

        } else {

            return type.getMessage();

        }

    }

    /**

     * Returns <code>true</code> if the type of the reference originally corresponded to a cache strategy

     * which inherited from {@link InRefDefaultCacheStrategyBase} and in case of type {@link ReferenceType#Generic}

     * if it really has an inreference (reference.getInreference() != null).

     * @param reference

     */

    private boolean isRealInRef(Reference reference) {

        ReferenceType type = (reference.getType());

        if (type == null){

            return false;

        }else if (type == ReferenceType.BookSection || type == ReferenceType.Section){

            return true;

        }else if (type == ReferenceType.Generic){

            return reference.getInReference() != null;

        }else{

            return false;

        }

    }

    /**

     * Returns <code>true</code> if the type of the reference originally corresponded to a cache strategy

     * which inherited from {@link NomRefDefaultCacheStrategyBase}.

     * @param type

     */

    protected static boolean isNomRef(ReferenceType type){

        switch (type){

            case Article:

            case Book:

            case BookSection:

            case CdDvd:

            case Generic:

            case Section:

            case Thesis:

            case WebPage:

                return true;

            case Journal:

            default:

                return false;

        }

    }

    /**

     * Returns year information as originally computed by {@link ReferenceDefaultCacheStrategy}

     * @param string

     * @param ref

     * @return

     */

    private String addYearReferenceDefault(String string, Reference ref){

        String result;

        if (string == null){

            return null;

        }

        String year = CdmUtils.Nz(ref.getYear());

        if ("".equals(year)){

            result = string + afterYear;

        }else{

            result = string + beforeYear + year + afterYear;

        }

        return result;

    }

// ********************* Nomenclatural title ***************************************/

    @Override

    public String getNomenclaturalCitation(Reference reference, String microReference) {

        if (reference.isProtectedAbbrevTitleCache()){

            String cache = reference.getAbbrevTitleCache();

            return handleDetailAndYearForPreliminary(reference, cache, microReference);

        }

        String result = getTokenizedNomenclaturalTitel(reference);

        //if no data is available and only titleCache is protected take the protected title

        //this is to avoid empty cache if someone forgets to set also the abbrevTitleCache

        //we need to think about handling protected not separate for abbrevTitleCache  and titleCache

        if (result.equals(INomenclaturalReference.MICRO_REFERENCE_TOKEN) && reference.isProtectedTitleCache() ){

            String cache = reference.getTitleCache();

            return handleDetailAndYearForPreliminary(reference, cache, microReference);

        }

        microReference = Nz(microReference);

        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(microReference)){

            microReference = getBeforeMicroReference() + microReference;

            if (microReference.endsWith(".")  && result.contains(INomenclaturalReference.MICRO_REFERENCE_TOKEN + ".") ){

                microReference = microReference.substring(0, microReference.length() - 1);

            }

        }

        result = replaceMicroRefToken(microReference, result);

        if (result.startsWith(". ")){  //only year available, remove '. '

            result = result.substring(2);

        }

        return result;

    }

    /**

     * @param nomenclaturalReference

     * @param microRef

     * @return

     */

    private String handleDetailAndYearForPreliminary(Reference nomenclaturalReference, String cache, String microReference) {

        String microRef = isNotBlank(microReference) ? getBeforeMicroReference() + microReference : "";

        if (cache == null){

            logger.warn("Cache is null. This should never be the case.");

            cache = "";

        }

        String  result = cache + (cache.contains(microRef) ? "" : microRef);

        String date = nomenclaturalReference.getDatePublishedString();

        if (isNotBlank(date) && ! result.contains(date)){

            result = result + beforeYear + date;

        }

        return result;

    }

    /**

     * Returns the nomenclatural title with micro reference represented as token

     * which can later be replaced by the real data.

     *

     * @see INomenclaturalReference#MICRO_REFERENCE_TOKEN

     *

     * @param ref The reference

     * @return

     */

    private String getTokenizedNomenclaturalTitel(Reference ref) {

        if (isRealInRef(ref)){

            return getTokenizedNomenclaturalTitelInRef(ref);

        }else{

            String result = getTitleWithoutYearAndAuthor(ref, true);

            result += INomenclaturalReference.MICRO_REFERENCE_TOKEN;

            result = addYear(result, ref, true);

            return result;

        }

    }

    private String getTokenizedNomenclaturalTitelInRef(Reference thisRef) {

        if (thisRef == null){

            return null;

        }

        Reference inRef = CdmBase.deproxy(thisRef.getInReference(), Reference.class);

        if (inRef != null && inRef.getInReference() != null && thisRef.getType() == ReferenceType.Section){

            //this is a reference of type Section which has a in-in-Ref

            //TODO maybe we do not need to restrict to type=Section only

            return this.getTokenizedNomenclaturalTitelInInRef(thisRef);

        }

        String result;

        //use generics's publication date if it exists

        if (inRef == null ||  (thisRef.hasDatePublished() ) ){

            getTitleWithoutYearAndAuthorGeneric(inRef, true);

            result =  inRef == null ? "" : getTitleWithoutYearAndAuthorGeneric(inRef, true);

            //added //TODO unify with non-inRef references formatting

            if (isNotBlank(thisRef.getVolume())){

                result = result + " " + thisRef.getVolume();

            }

            //TODO series / edition

            //end added

            result += INomenclaturalReference.MICRO_REFERENCE_TOKEN;

            result = addYear(result, thisRef, true);

        }else{

            //else use inRefs's publication date

            result = inRef.getNomenclaturalCitation(INomenclaturalReference.MICRO_REFERENCE_TOKEN);

            if (result != null){

                result = result.replace(beforeMicroReference +  INomenclaturalReference.MICRO_REFERENCE_TOKEN, INomenclaturalReference.MICRO_REFERENCE_TOKEN);

            }

        }

        //FIXME: vol. etc., http://dev.e-taxonomy.eu/trac/ticket/2862

        result = getInRefAuthorPart(thisRef.getInReference(), afterInRefAuthor) + result;

        result = "in " +  result;

        return result;

    }

    /**

     * For handling in-in-Ref case.

     * Must only be called if a reference has inRef and inInRef

     * @param section

     * @return

     */

    private String getTokenizedNomenclaturalTitelInInRef(Reference ref) {

        String result;

        Reference inRef = CdmBase.deproxy(ref.getInReference(), Reference.class);

        Reference inInRef = CdmBase.deproxy(inRef.getInReference(), Reference.class);

        if (! isNomRef(inInRef.getType())){

            if (! isNomRef(inRef.getType())){

                logger.warn("Neither inReference nor inInReference is a "

                        + " nomenclatural reference. This is not correct or not handled yet."

                        + " Generic titleWithoutYearAndAuthor used instead");

                result = getTitleWithoutYearAndAuthorGeneric(inInRef, true);

                //FIXME: vol. etc., http://dev.e-taxonomy.eu/trac/ticket/2862  (comment taken from super.getTokenizedNomenclaturalTitel())

            }else{

                result = getTitleWithoutYearAndAuthor(inRef, true);

            }

        }else{

            result = getTitleWithoutYearAndAuthor(inInRef, true);

        }

        result += INomenclaturalReference.MICRO_REFERENCE_TOKEN;

        Reference dataReference = (ref.hasDatePublished() ? ref : inRef.hasDatePublished() ? inRef : inInRef);

        result = addYear(result, dataReference, true);

        result = getInRefAuthorPart(inInRef, afterInRefAuthor) + result;

        if (! result.startsWith("in ")){

            result = "in " +  result;

        }

        return result;

    }

    private String getInRefAuthorPart(Reference book, String seperator){

        if (book == null){

            return "";

        }

        TeamOrPersonBase<?> team = book.getAuthorship();

        String result = Nz( team == null ? "" : team.getNomenclaturalTitle());

        if (! result.trim().equals("")){

            result = result + seperator;

        }

        return result;

    }

    /**

     * @param microReference

     * @param result

     * @return

     */

    private String replaceMicroRefToken(String microReference, String string) {

        int index = string.indexOf(INomenclaturalReference.MICRO_REFERENCE_TOKEN);

        if (index > -1){

            String before = string.substring(0, index);

            String after = string.substring(index + INomenclaturalReference.MICRO_REFERENCE_TOKEN.length() );

            String localMicroReference = microReference.trim();   //needed ?

            if (after.length() > 0){

                if (  ("".equals(localMicroReference) && before.endsWith(after.substring(0,1)) || localMicroReference.endsWith(after.substring(0,1)))){

                    after = after.substring(1);

                }

            }

            String result = before + localMicroReference + after;

            return result;

        }else{

            return string;

        }

    }

// *************************** EXTERNAL USE *******************************************/

   /**

    *

    * @param referenceTitleCache

    * @param authorTitleCache

    * @return

    */

   public static String putAuthorToEndOfString(String referenceTitleCache, String authorTitleCache) {

       if(authorTitleCache != null){

           referenceTitleCache = referenceTitleCache.replace(authorTitleCache + ", ", "");

           referenceTitleCache += " - " + authorTitleCache;

       }

       return referenceTitleCache;

   }

}