EDIT

/**

* Copyright (C) 2009 EDIT

* European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy

* http://www.e-taxonomy.eu

*

* The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version 1.1

* See LICENSE.TXT at the top of this package for the full license terms.

*/

package eu.etaxonomy.cdm.io.dwca.in;

import java.net.URI;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.HashSet;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Map;

import java.util.Set;

import java.util.UUID;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import com.ibm.lsid.MalformedLSIDException;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.common.CdmUtils;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.io.common.mapping.UndefinedTransformerMethodException;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.io.stream.IPartitionableConverter;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.io.stream.IReader;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.io.stream.ItemFilter;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.io.stream.ListReader;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.io.stream.MappedCdmBase;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.io.stream.PartitionableConverterBase;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.io.stream.StreamImportBase;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.io.stream.StreamImportStateBase;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.io.stream.StreamItem;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.io.stream.terms.TermUri;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.Annotation;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.CdmBase;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.Extension;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.ExtensionType;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.IdentifiableSource;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.Identifier;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.LSID;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.Language;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.Marker;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.MarkerType;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.OriginalSourceType;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.description.CommonTaxonName;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.description.Distribution;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.description.PresenceAbsenceTerm;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.description.TaxonDescription;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.location.NamedArea;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.name.NomenclaturalCode;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.name.Rank;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.name.TaxonName;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.reference.Reference;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.reference.ReferenceFactory;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.taxon.Classification;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.taxon.Synonym;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.taxon.Taxon;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.taxon.TaxonBase;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.term.DefinedTerm;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.term.DefinedTermBase;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.exceptions.StringNotParsableException;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.exceptions.UnknownCdmTypeException;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.parser.NonViralNameParserImpl;

/**

 * @author a.mueller

 * @since 22.11.2011

 *

 */

public class  DwcTaxonStreamItem2CdmTaxonConverter<CONFIG extends DwcaDataImportConfiguratorBase, STATE extends StreamImportStateBase<CONFIG, StreamImportBase>>

        extends PartitionableConverterBase<CONFIG, STATE>

        implements IPartitionableConverter<StreamItem, IReader<CdmBase>, String>, ItemFilter<StreamItem> {

    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(DwcTaxonStreamItem2CdmTaxonConverter.class);

    //if this converter is used as filter we may not want to delete item parts during evaluation

    boolean isFilterOnly = false;

    private static final String ID = "id";

	// temporary key for the case that no dataset information is supplied, TODO use something better

	public static final String NO_DATASET = "no_dataset_jli773oebhjklw";

	private final NonViralNameParserImpl parser = NonViralNameParserImpl.NewInstance();

	/**

	 * @param state

	 */

	public DwcTaxonStreamItem2CdmTaxonConverter(STATE state) {

		super(state);

	}

    public DwcTaxonStreamItem2CdmTaxonConverter(STATE state, boolean isFilter) {

        super(state);

        this.isFilterOnly = isFilter;

    }

    @Override

    public boolean toBeRemovedFromStream(StreamItem item) {

        if (!config.isDoSplitRelationshipImport()){

            return false;

        }else{

            if (isSynonym(item)){

                return ! this.config.isDoSynonymRelationships();

            }else{

                NomenclaturalCode nomCode = getNomCode(item);

                Rank rank = getRank(item, nomCode);

                boolean isHigherRank = rank == null || rank.isHigher(Rank.SPECIES());

                if (isHigherRank){

                    return ! config.isDoHigherRankRelationships();

                }else{

                    return ! config.isDoLowerRankRelationships();

                }

            }

        }

    }

    private boolean isSynonym(StreamItem item) {

        TaxonBase<?> taxonBase = getTaxonBase(item);

        return taxonBase instanceof Synonym;

    }

	@Override

    public IReader<MappedCdmBase<? extends CdmBase>> map(StreamItem csvTaxonRecord){

		List<MappedCdmBase<? extends CdmBase>> resultList = new ArrayList<>();

		//TODO what if not transactional?

		Reference sourceReference = state.getTransactionalSourceReference();

		String sourceReferenceDetail = null;

		//taxon

		TaxonBase<?> taxonBase = getTaxonBase(csvTaxonRecord);

		MappedCdmBase<TaxonBase<?>>  mcb = new MappedCdmBase<>(csvTaxonRecord.term, csvTaxonRecord.get(ID), taxonBase);

		resultList.add(mcb);

		//original source

		String id = csvTaxonRecord.get(ID);

		IdentifiableSource source = taxonBase.addSource(OriginalSourceType.Import, id, "Taxon", sourceReference, sourceReferenceDetail);

		MappedCdmBase<IdentifiableSource> mappedSource = new MappedCdmBase<>(csvTaxonRecord.get(ID), source);

		resultList.add(mappedSource);

		csvTaxonRecord.remove(ID);

		//rank

		NomenclaturalCode nomCode = getNomCode(csvTaxonRecord);

		Rank rank = getRank(csvTaxonRecord, nomCode);

		//name && name published in

		TaxonName name = getScientificName(csvTaxonRecord, nomCode, rank, resultList, sourceReference);

		taxonBase.setName(name);

		//nameAccordingTo

		MappedCdmBase<Reference> sec = getNameAccordingTo(csvTaxonRecord, resultList);

		if (sec == null && state.getConfig().isUseSourceReferenceAsSec()){

			sec = new MappedCdmBase<>(state.getTransactionalSourceReference());

		}

		if (sec != null){

			taxonBase.setSec(sec.getCdmBase());

		}

		//classification

		handleDataset(csvTaxonRecord, taxonBase, resultList, sourceReference, sourceReferenceDetail);

		//NON core

	    //term="http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier"

		//currently only LSIDs or generic

		handleIdentifier(csvTaxonRecord, taxonBase);

		//TaxonRemarks

		handleTaxonRemarks(csvTaxonRecord, taxonBase);

		//TDWG_1

		handleTdwgArea(csvTaxonRecord, taxonBase);

		//VernecularName

		handleCommonNames(csvTaxonRecord, taxonBase);

		//External Sources, ID's and References

		handleIdentifiableObjects(csvTaxonRecord, taxonBase);

		//		    <!-- Top level group; listed as kingdom but may be interpreted as domain or superkingdom

//		         The following eight groups are recognized: Animalia, Archaea, Bacteria, Chromista,

//		         Fungi, Plantae, Protozoa, Viruses -->

//		    <field index='10' term='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/kingdom'/>

//		    <!-- Phylum in which the taxon has been classified -->

//		    <field index='11' term='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/phylum'/>

		//		    <!-- Class in which the taxon has been classified -->

//		    <field index='12' term='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/class'/>

		//		    <!-- Order in which the taxon has been classified -->

//		    <field index='13' term='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/order'/>

		//		    <!-- Family in which the taxon has been classified -->

//		    <field index='14' term='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/family'/>

		//		    <!-- Genus in which the taxon has been classified -->

//		    <field index='15' term='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/genus'/>

		//		    <!-- Subgenus in which the taxon has been classified -->

//		    <field index='16' term='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/subgenus'/>

//		    <!-- Specific epithet; for hybrids, the multiplication symbol is included in the epithet -->

//		    <field index='17' term='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/specificEpithet'/>

//		    <!-- Infraspecific epithet -->

//		    <field index='18' term='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/infraspecificEpithet'/>

//		    <!-- Authorship -->

//		    <field index='19' term='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificNameAuthorship'/>

//		==> see scientific name

//

//		<!-- Acceptance status published in -->

//		    <field index='20' term='http://purl.org/dc/terms/source'/>

//		    <!-- Reference in which the scientific name was first published -->

//		    <field index='21' term='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/namePublishedIn'/>

//		    <!-- Taxon scrutinized by -->

//		    <field index='22' term='http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/nameAccordingTo'/> 

//		    <!-- Scrutiny date -->

//		    <field index='23' term='http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified'/>

//		    <!-- Additional data for the taxon -->

//		    <field index='24' term='http://purl.org/dc/terms/description'/>

//		    </core>

		handleModified(csvTaxonRecord, taxonBase);

		handleIsExtinct(csvTaxonRecord, taxonBase);

		return new ListReader<>(resultList);

	}

    /**

     * @param csvTaxonRecord

     * @param taxonBase

     */

    private void handleIsExtinct(StreamItem item, TaxonBase<?> taxonBase) {

        String isExtinctStr = item.get(TermUri.GBIF_IS_EXTINCT);

        if (isBlank(isExtinctStr)){

            return;

        }

        Boolean isExtinct = getBoolean(isExtinctStr, item);

        if (isExtinct != null){

            try {

                UUID isExtinctUuid = state.getTransformer().getMarkerTypeUuid("isExtinct");

                MarkerType markerType = state.getCurrentIO().getMarkerType(state, isExtinctUuid, "extinct", "extinct", "extinct");

                Marker.NewInstance(taxonBase, isExtinct, markerType);

            } catch (UndefinedTransformerMethodException e) {

                String message = "GetMarkerType not available for import. This should not happen. Please conntact developer";

                fireWarningEvent(message, item.getLocation(), 8);

            }

        }

    }

    /**

     * @param item

     * @param isExtinctStr

     * @return

     */

    private Boolean getBoolean(String booleanStr, StreamItem item) {

        try {

            return Boolean.valueOf(booleanStr);

        } catch (Exception e) {

            String message = "Boolean value could not be parsed";

            fireWarningEvent(message, item, 4);

            return null;

        }

    }

    /**

     * @param csvTaxonRecord

     * @param taxonBase

     */

    private void handleModified(StreamItem item, TaxonBase<?> taxonBase) {

        String modifiedStr = item.get(TermUri.DC_MODIFIED);

        if (isBlank(modifiedStr)){

            return;

        }

        try {

            UUID modifiedUuid = state.getTransformer().getExtensionTypeUuid("modified");

            ExtensionType extensionType = state.getCurrentIO().getExtensionType(state, modifiedUuid, "modified", "modified", "modified");

            Extension.NewInstance(taxonBase, modifiedStr, extensionType);

        } catch (UndefinedTransformerMethodException e) {

            String message = "GetMarkerType not available for import. This should not happen. Please conntact developer";

            fireWarningEvent(message, item.getLocation(), 8);

        }

    }

    /**

	 * @param item

	 * @param taxonBase

	 */

	private void handleIdentifiableObjects(StreamItem item,TaxonBase<?> taxonBase) {

		String references = item.get(TermUri.DC_REFERENCES);

		if (references == null || references == "") {

			references = item.get(TermUri.DWC_NAME_PUBLISHED_IN_ID);//lorna temporary until Scratchpads move the reference to the correct place.

		}

		if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(references)){

			URI uri = makeUriIfIs(references);

			if (uri != null){

				Extension.NewInstance(taxonBase, references, ExtensionType.URL());

			}else{

				String message = "Non-URI Dublin Core References not yet handled for taxa. References is: %s";

				fireWarningEvent(String.format(message, references), item, 6);

			}

		}

		//TODO: Finish properly

		String id = item.get(TermUri.CDM_SOURCE_IDINSOURCE);

		String idNamespace = item.get(TermUri.CDM_SOURCE_IDNAMESPACE);

		String reference = item.get(TermUri.CDM_SOURCE_REFERENCE);

		if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(id) && StringUtils.isNotBlank(idNamespace) && StringUtils.isNotBlank(reference)){

			Reference ref = ReferenceFactory.newGeneric();

			ref.setTitle(reference);

			Taxon taxon = (Taxon) taxonBase;

			taxon.addSource(OriginalSourceType.Import, id, idNamespace, ref, null);

		}

	}

	/**

	 * If str is an uri it returns is as an {@link URI}. If not it returns <code>null</code>.

	 * @param str

	 * @return the URI.

	 */

	private URI makeUriIfIs(String str) {

		if (! str.startsWith("http:")){

			return null;

		}else{

			try {

				URI uri = URI.create(str);

				return uri;

			} catch (Exception e) {

				return null;

			}

		}

	}

	/**

	 * @param item

	 * @param taxonBase

	 */

	private void handleCommonNames(StreamItem item,TaxonBase<?> taxonBase) {

		//TODO: handle comma separated values

		String commonName = item.get(TermUri.DWC_VERNACULAR_NAME);

		if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(commonName)){

			Language language = getLanguage(item);

			CommonTaxonName commonTaxonName = CommonTaxonName.NewInstance(commonName, language);

			if(taxonBase instanceof Taxon){

				Taxon taxon = (Taxon) taxonBase;

				TaxonDescription taxonDescription = getTaxonDescription(taxon, false);

				taxonDescription.addElement(commonTaxonName);

				logger.info("Common name " + commonName + " added to " + taxon.getTitleCache());

			}

		}

	}

	/**

	 * @param csvTaxonRecord

	 * @param taxonBase

	 */

	private void handleTdwgArea(StreamItem item, TaxonBase<?> taxonBase) {

		String tdwg_area = item.get(TermUri.DWC_COUNTRY_CODE);

		if (tdwg_area != null){

    		if(taxonBase instanceof Synonym){

    			Synonym synonym = CdmBase.deproxy(taxonBase, Synonym.class);

    			Taxon acceptedTaxon = synonym.getAcceptedTaxon();

    			if (acceptedTaxon != null){

    			    TaxonDescription td = getTaxonDescription(acceptedTaxon, false);

    			    NamedArea area = NamedArea.getAreaByTdwgAbbreviation(tdwg_area);

    			    if (area == null){

    			        area = NamedArea.getAreaByTdwgLabel(tdwg_area);

    			    }

    			    if (area != null){

    			        Distribution distribution = Distribution.NewInstance(area, PresenceAbsenceTerm.PRESENT());

    			        td.addElement(distribution);

    			    }

    			}

    		}

    		if(!(taxonBase instanceof Synonym)){

    			Taxon taxon = CdmBase.deproxy(taxonBase, Taxon.class);

    			TaxonDescription td = getTaxonDescription(taxon, false);

    			NamedArea area = NamedArea.getAreaByTdwgAbbreviation(tdwg_area);

    			if (area == null){

    				area = NamedArea.getAreaByTdwgLabel(tdwg_area);

    			}

    			if (area != null){

    				Distribution distribution = Distribution.NewInstance(area, PresenceAbsenceTerm.PRESENT());

    				td.addElement(distribution);

    			}

    		}

    	}

	}

	/**

	 * @param item

	 * @param taxonBase

	 */

	private void handleTaxonRemarks(StreamItem item,TaxonBase<?> taxonBase) {

		String comment = item.get(TermUri.DWC_TAXON_REMARKS);

		Language language = getLanguage(item);

		if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(comment)){

				Annotation annotation = Annotation.NewInstance(comment, language);

				taxonBase.addAnnotation(annotation);

		}else{

//			String message = "Comment is empty or some error appeared while saving: %s";

////			message = String.format(message);

//			fireWarningEvent(message, item, 1);

		}

	}

	//TODO handle non LSIDs

	//TODO handle LSIDs for names

	private void handleIdentifier(StreamItem csvTaxonRecord, TaxonBase<?> taxonBase) {

		String identifier = csvTaxonRecord.get(TermUri.DC_IDENTIFIER);

		if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(identifier)){

			if (identifier.trim().startsWith("urn:lsid")){

				try {

					LSID lsid = new LSID(identifier);

					taxonBase.setLsid(lsid);

				} catch (MalformedLSIDException e) {

					String message = "LSID is malformed and can't be handled as LSID: %s";

					message = String.format(message, identifier);

					fireWarningEvent(message, csvTaxonRecord, 4);

					Identifier.NewInstance(taxonBase, identifier, DefinedTermBase.getTermByClassAndUUID(DefinedTerm.class, DefinedTerm.uuidLsid));

				}

			}else{

				Identifier.NewInstance(taxonBase, identifier, null);

			    String message = "Identifier type not recognized. Create generic identifier: %s";

				message = String.format(message, identifier);

				fireWarningEvent(message, csvTaxonRecord, 1);

			}

		}

	}

	private void handleDataset(StreamItem item, TaxonBase<?> taxonBase,

	        List<MappedCdmBase<? extends CdmBase>> resultList,

	        Reference sourceReference,

	        String sourceReferecenDetail) {

		TermUri idTerm = TermUri.DWC_DATASET_ID;

		TermUri strTerm = TermUri.DWC_DATASET_NAME;

		if (config.isDatasetsAsClassifications()){

			String datasetId = CdmUtils.Nz(item.get(idTerm)).trim();

			String datasetName = CdmUtils.Nz(item.get(strTerm)).trim();

				if (CdmUtils.areBlank(datasetId, datasetName) ){

				datasetId = NO_DATASET;

			}

			//check id

			boolean classificationExists = state.exists(idTerm.toString() , datasetId, Classification.class);

			//check name

			if (!classificationExists){

				classificationExists = state.exists(strTerm.toString() , datasetName, Classification.class);

			}

			//if not exists, create new

			if (! classificationExists){

				String classificationName = StringUtils.isBlank(datasetName)? datasetId : datasetName;

				if (classificationName.equals(NO_DATASET)){

					classificationName = config.getClassificationName();

					//classificationName = "Classification (no name)";  //TODO define by config or zipfile or metadata

				}

				String classificationId = StringUtils.isBlank(datasetId)? datasetName : datasetId;

				Classification classification = Classification.NewInstance(classificationName);

				//source

				IdentifiableSource source = classification.addSource(OriginalSourceType.Import, classificationId, "Dataset", sourceReference, sourceReferecenDetail);

				//add to result

				resultList.add(new MappedCdmBase<>(idTerm, datasetId, classification));

				resultList.add(new MappedCdmBase<>(strTerm, datasetName, classification));

				resultList.add(new MappedCdmBase<>(source));

				//TODO this is not so nice but currently necessary as classifications are requested in the same partition

				state.putMapping(idTerm.toString(), classificationId, classification);

				state.putMapping(strTerm.toString(), classificationName, classification);

			}

		}else if (config.isDatasetsAsSecundumReference() || config.isDatasetsAsOriginalSource()){

			MappedCdmBase<Reference> mappedCitation = getReference(item, resultList, idTerm, strTerm, true);

			if (mappedCitation != null){

				Reference ref = mappedCitation.getCdmBase();

				if (config.isDatasetsAsSecundumReference()){

					//dataset as secundum reference

					taxonBase.setSec(ref);

				}else{

					//dataset as original source

					taxonBase.addSource(OriginalSourceType.Import, null, null, ref, null);

				}

			}

		}else{

			String message = "DatasetUse type not yet implemented. Can't import dataset information.";

			fireWarningEvent(message, item, 4);

		}

		//remove to later check if all attributes were used

		removeItemInfo(item, idTerm);

		removeItemInfo(item, strTerm);

	}

	@Override

	public String getSourceId(StreamItem item) {

		String id = item.get(ID);

		return id;

	}

	private MappedCdmBase<Reference> getNameAccordingTo(StreamItem item, List<MappedCdmBase<? extends CdmBase>> resultList) {

		if (config.isDatasetsAsSecundumReference()){

			//TODO store nameAccordingTo info some where else or let the user define where to store it.

			return null;

		}else{

			TermUri idTerm = TermUri.DWC_NAME_ACCORDING_TO_ID;

			TermUri strTerm = TermUri.DWC_NAME_ACCORDING_TO;

			MappedCdmBase<Reference> secRef = getReference(item, resultList, idTerm, strTerm, false);

			return secRef;

		}

	}

	private NomenclaturalCode getNomCode(StreamItem item) {

		String strNomCode = getValue(item, TermUri.DWC_NOMENCLATURAL_CODE);

		NomenclaturalCode nomCode = null;

		// by Nomcenclatural Code

		if (strNomCode != null){

			nomCode = NomenclaturalCode.fromString(strNomCode);

			if (nomCode == null){

				String message = "NomCode '%s' not recognized";

				message = String.format(message, strNomCode);

				fireWarningEvent(message, item, 4);

			}else{

				return nomCode;

			}

		}

		// by Kingdom

		String strKingdom = getValue(item, TermUri.DWC_KINGDOM);

		if (strKingdom != null){

			if (strKingdom.equalsIgnoreCase("Plantae")){

				nomCode = NomenclaturalCode.ICNAFP;

			}else if (strKingdom.equalsIgnoreCase("Fungi")){

				nomCode = NomenclaturalCode.ICNAFP;

			}else if (strKingdom.equalsIgnoreCase("Animalia")){

				nomCode = NomenclaturalCode.ICZN;

			}else if (strKingdom.equalsIgnoreCase("Protozoa")){

				nomCode = NomenclaturalCode.ICZN;

			}

		}

		//TODO further kingdoms

		if (nomCode == null){

			//TODO warning

			if (config.getNomenclaturalCode() != null){

				nomCode = config.getNomenclaturalCode();

			}

		}

		return nomCode;

	}

	private TaxonName getScientificName(StreamItem item, NomenclaturalCode nomCode, Rank rank, List<MappedCdmBase<? extends CdmBase>> resultList, Reference sourceReference) {

		TaxonName name = null;

		String strScientificName = getValue(item, TermUri.DWC_SCIENTIFIC_NAME);

		//Name

		if (strScientificName != null){

			name = (TaxonName)parser.parseFullName(strScientificName, nomCode, rank);

			if ( rank != null && name != null && name.getRank() != null &&  ! rank.equals(name.getRank())){

				if (config.isValidateRankConsistency()){

					String message = "Parsed rank %s (%s) differs from rank %s given by fields 'taxonRank' or 'verbatimTaxonRank'";

					message = String.format(message, name.getRank().getTitleCache(), strScientificName, rank.getTitleCache());

					fireWarningEvent(message, item, 4);

				}

			}

			checkAuthorship(name, item);

			resultList.add(new MappedCdmBase(TermUri.DWC_SCIENTIFIC_NAME, strScientificName, name));

		}

		//By ID

		String strScientificNameId = getValue(item, TermUri.DWC_SCIENTIFIC_NAME_ID);

		if (strScientificNameId != null){

			if (config.isScientificNameIdAsOriginalSourceId()){

				if (name != null){

					IdentifiableSource source = IdentifiableSource.NewInstance(OriginalSourceType.Import, strScientificNameId, TermUri.DWC_SCIENTIFIC_NAME_ID.toString(), sourceReference, null);

					name.addSource(source);

				}

			}else{

				String message = "ScientificNameId not yet implemented: '%s'";

				message = String.format(message, strScientificNameId);

				fireWarningEvent(message, item, 4);

			}

		}

		//namePublishedIn

		TermUri idTerm = TermUri.DWC_NAME_PUBLISHED_IN_ID;

		TermUri strTerm = TermUri.DWC_NAME_PUBLISHED_IN;

		MappedCdmBase<Reference> nomRef = getReference(item, resultList, idTerm, strTerm, false);

		if (name != null){

			if (nomRef != null){

				name.setNomenclaturalReference(nomRef.getCdmBase());  //check if name already has a nomRef, shouldn't be the case usually

			}

		}else{

			if (nomRef != null){

				String message = "NamePublishedIn information available but no name exists";

				fireWarningEvent(message, item, 4);

			}

		}

		return name;

	}

	/**

	 * General method to handle references used for multiple attributes.

	 * @param item

	 * @param resultList

	 * @param idTerm

	 * @param strTerm

	 * @param idIsInternal

	 * @return

	 */

	private MappedCdmBase<Reference> getReference(StreamItem item,

	        List<MappedCdmBase<? extends CdmBase>> resultList, TermUri idTerm,

	        TermUri strTerm, boolean idIsInternal) {

		Reference newRef = null;

		Reference sourceCitation = null;

		MappedCdmBase<Reference> result = null;

		if (exists(idTerm, item) || exists(strTerm, item)){

			String refId = CdmUtils.Nz(item.get(idTerm)).trim();

			String refStr = CdmUtils.Nz(item.get(strTerm)).trim();

			if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(refId)){

				List<Reference> references = state.get(idTerm.toString(), refId, Reference.class);

				if (references.size() == 0){

					if (! idIsInternal){

						//references should already exist in store if not linking to external links like URLs

						String message = "External namePublishedInIDs are not yet supported";

						fireWarningEvent(message, item, 4);//set to DEBUG

					}else{

						newRef = ReferenceFactory.newGeneric();  //TODO handle other types if possible

						newRef.addSource(OriginalSourceType.Import, refId, idTerm.toString(), sourceCitation, null);

						MappedCdmBase<Reference> idResult = new MappedCdmBase<>(idTerm, refId, newRef);

						resultList.add(idResult);

					}

				}else{

					//TODO handle list.size > 1 , do we need a list here ?

					result = new MappedCdmBase<Reference>(idTerm, refId , references.get(0));

				}

			}

			if (result == null){

				List<Reference> nomRefs = state.get(strTerm.toString(), refStr, Reference.class);

				if (nomRefs.size() > 0){

					//TODO handle list.size > 1 , do we need a list here ?

					result = new MappedCdmBase<>(strTerm, refStr , nomRefs.get(0));

				}else{

					// new Reference

					if (newRef == null){

						newRef = ReferenceFactory.newGeneric();  //TODO handle other types if possible

					}

					newRef.setTitleCache(refStr, true);

					//TODO distinguish available year, authorship, etc. if

					result = new MappedCdmBase<>(strTerm, refStr, newRef);

					resultList.add(result);

				}

			}

		}

		return result;

	}

	//TODO we may configure in configuration that scientific name never includes Authorship

	private void checkAuthorship(TaxonName nameBase, StreamItem item) {

		if (nameBase.isViral()){

			return;

		}

		String strAuthors = getValue(item, TermUri.DWC_SCIENTIFIC_NAME_AUTHORS);

		if (! nameBase.isProtectedTitleCache()){

			if (isBlank(nameBase.getAuthorshipCache())){

				if (nameBase.isBotanical() || nameBase.isZoological()){

					//TODO can't we also parse NonViralNames correctly ?

					try {

						parser.parseAuthors(nameBase, strAuthors);

					} catch (StringNotParsableException e) {

					    nameBase.setAuthorshipCache(strAuthors);

					}

				}else{

				    nameBase.setAuthorshipCache(strAuthors);

				}

				//TODO throw warning (scientific name should always include authorship) by DwC definition

			}

		}

	}

	private Rank getRank(StreamItem csvTaxonRecord, NomenclaturalCode nomCode) {

		boolean USE_UNKNOWN = true;

		Rank rank = null;

		String strRank = getValue(csvTaxonRecord,TermUri.DWC_TAXON_RANK);

		String strVerbatimRank = getValue(csvTaxonRecord,TermUri.DWC_VERBATIM_TAXON_RANK);

		if (strRank != null){

			try {

				rank = Rank.getRankByEnglishName(strRank, nomCode, USE_UNKNOWN);

				if (rank.equals(Rank.UNKNOWN_RANK())){

					rank = Rank.getRankByNameOrIdInVoc(strRank, USE_UNKNOWN);

					if (rank.equals(Rank.UNKNOWN_RANK())){

						String message = "Rank can not be defined for '%s'";

						message = String.format(message, strRank);

						fireWarningEvent(message, csvTaxonRecord, 4);

					}

				}

			} catch (UnknownCdmTypeException e) {

				//should not happen as USE_UNKNOWN is used

				rank = Rank.UNKNOWN_RANK();

			}

		}

		if ( (rank == null || rank.equals(Rank.UNKNOWN_RANK())) && strVerbatimRank != null){

			try {

				rank = Rank.getRankByNameOrIdInVoc(strVerbatimRank, USE_UNKNOWN);

				if (rank.equals(Rank.UNKNOWN_RANK())){

					String message = "Rank can not be defined for '%s'";

					message = String.format(message, strVerbatimRank);

					fireWarningEvent(message, csvTaxonRecord, 4);

				}

			} catch (UnknownCdmTypeException e) {

				//should not happen as USE_UNKNOWN is used

				rank = Rank.UNKNOWN_RANK();

			}

		}

		return rank;

	}

	/**

	 * Creates an empty taxon object with a given status.

	 * <i>Empty</i> taxon means, without a defined name or sec.

	 * @param item

	 * @return

	 */

	private TaxonBase<?> getTaxonBase(StreamItem item) {

		TaxonName name = null;

		Reference sec = null;

		TaxonBase<?> result;

		String taxStatus = item.get(TermUri.DWC_TAXONOMIC_STATUS);

		String status = "";

		if (taxStatus != null){

			if (taxStatus.matches("accepted.*|valid")){

				status += "A";

			} else if (taxStatus.matches(".*synonym|invalid|not accepted")){   //not accepted comes from scratchpads

				status += "S";

			} else if (taxStatus.matches("misapplied.*")){

				status += "M";

			} else{

				status += "?";

			}

			removeItemInfo(item, TermUri.DWC_TAXONOMIC_STATUS);

		}

		if (! CdmUtils.isBlank(item.get(TermUri.DWC_ACCEPTED_NAME_USAGE_ID))){

			// acceptedNameUsageId = id

			if (getSourceId(item).equals(item.get(TermUri.DWC_ACCEPTED_NAME_USAGE_ID))){

				status += "A";

			}else{

				status += "S";

			}

		}

		if (status.contains("A") || status.contains("M")){

			result = Taxon.NewInstance(name, sec);

			if (status.contains("S") && ! status.contains("M") ){

				String message = "Ambigous taxon status (%s)";

				message = String.format(message, status);

				fireWarningEvent(message, item, 6);

			}

		} else if (status.contains("S")){

			result = Synonym.NewInstance(name, sec);

		} else{

			result = Taxon.NewUnknownStatusInstance(name, sec);