EDIT

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.cache.name.NonViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.cache.name.ViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy;

     * the {@link eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.cache.name.NonViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy default cache strategy}.

     * the {@link eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.cache.name.NonViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy default cache strategy}.

            this.cacheStrategy = NonViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy.NewInstance();

            this.cacheStrategy = NonViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy.NewInstance();

            this.cacheStrategy = NonViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy.NewInstance();

            this.cacheStrategy = NonViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy.NewInstance();;

            this.cacheStrategy = ViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy.NewInstance();

      * the {@link eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.cache.name.NonViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy default cache strategy}.

      * the {@link eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.cache.name.NonViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy default cache strategy}.

     * the {@link eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.cache.name.NonViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy default cache strategy}.

     * the {@link eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.cache.name.NonViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy default cache strategy}.

/**

* Copyright (C) 2007 EDIT

* European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy

* http://www.e-taxonomy.eu

*

* The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version 1.1

* See LICENSE.TXT at the top of this package for the full license terms.

*/

package eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.cache.name;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Set;

import java.util.UUID;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.common.CdmUtils;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.common.UTF8;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.hibernate.HibernateProxyHelper;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.agent.INomenclaturalAuthor;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.Language;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.common.Representation;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.name.HybridRelationship;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.name.INonViralName;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.name.NomenclaturalStatus;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.name.NomenclaturalStatusType;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.name.Rank;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.name.TaxonName;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.reference.INomenclaturalReference;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.model.reference.Reference;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.cache.TagEnum;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.cache.TaggedText;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.exceptions.UnknownCdmTypeException;

import eu.etaxonomy.cdm.strategy.parser.NonViralNameParserImplRegExBase;

/**

 * This class is a default implementation for the INonViralNameCacheStrategy<T extends NonViralName>

 * interface.<BR>

 * The method implements a cache strategy for botanical names so no method has to be overwritten by

 * a subclass for botanic names.

 * Where differing from this default botanic name strategy other subclasses should overwrite the

 * existing methods, e.g. a CacheStrategy for zoological names should overwrite getAuthorAndExAuthor

 * @author a.mueller

 */

public class NonViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy

        extends NameCacheStrategyBase

        implements INonViralNameCacheStrategy {

    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(NonViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy.class);

	private static final long serialVersionUID = -6577757501563212669L;

    final static UUID uuid = UUID.fromString("1cdda0d1-d5bc-480f-bf08-40a510a2f223");

    protected String nameAuthorSeperator = " ";

    protected String basionymStart = "(";

    protected String basionymEnd = ")";

    protected String exAuthorSeperator = " ex ";

    private static String NOTHO = "notho";

    protected CharSequence basionymAuthorCombinationAuthorSeperator = " ";

    protected String zooAuthorYearSeperator = ", ";

    @Override

    public  UUID getUuid(){

        return uuid;

    }

// ************************** FACTORY  ******************************/

    public static NonViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy NewInstance(){

        return new NonViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy();

    }

// ************ CONSTRUCTOR *******************/

    protected NonViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy(){

        super();

    }

/* **************** GETTER / SETTER **************************************/

    /**

     * String that separates the NameCache part from the AuthorCache part

     * @return

     */

    public String getNameAuthorSeperator() {

        return nameAuthorSeperator;

    }

    public void setNameAuthorSeperator(String nameAuthorSeperator) {

        this.nameAuthorSeperator = nameAuthorSeperator;

    }

    /**

     * String the basionym author part starts with e.g. '('.

     * This should correspond with the {@link NonViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy#getBasionymEnd() basionymEnd} attribute

     * @return

     */

    public String getBasionymStart() {

        return basionymStart;

    }

    public void setBasionymStart(String basionymStart) {

        this.basionymStart = basionymStart;

    }

    /**

     * String the basionym author part ends with e.g. ')'.

     * This should correspond with the {@link NonViralNameDefaultCacheStrategy#getBasionymStart() basionymStart} attribute

     * @return

     */

    public String getBasionymEnd() {

        return basionymEnd;

    }

    public void setBasionymEnd(String basionymEnd) {

        this.basionymEnd = basionymEnd;

    }

    /**

     * String to separate ex author from author.

     * @return

     */

    public String getExAuthorSeperator() {

        return exAuthorSeperator;

    }

    public void setExAuthorSeperator(String exAuthorSeperator) {

        this.exAuthorSeperator = exAuthorSeperator;

    }

    /**

     * String that separates the basionym/original_combination author part from the combination author part

     * @return

     */

    public CharSequence getBasionymAuthorCombinationAuthorSeperator() {

        return basionymAuthorCombinationAuthorSeperator;

    }

    public void setBasionymAuthorCombinationAuthorSeperator( CharSequence basionymAuthorCombinationAuthorSeperator) {

        this.basionymAuthorCombinationAuthorSeperator = basionymAuthorCombinationAuthorSeperator;

    }

    public String getZooAuthorYearSeperator() {

        return zooAuthorYearSeperator;

    }

    public void setZooAuthorYearSeperator(String authorYearSeperator) {

        this.zooAuthorYearSeperator = authorYearSeperator;

    }

//** *****************************************************************************************/

// ******************* Authorship ******************************/

    @Override

    public String getAuthorshipCache(TaxonName taxonName) {

        if (taxonName == null){

            return null;

        }

        //cache protected

        if (taxonName.isProtectedAuthorshipCache() == true) {

            return taxonName.getAuthorshipCache();

        }

        return getNonCacheAuthorshipCache(taxonName);

    }

    /**

     * Returns the authorshipcache string for the atomized authorship fields. Does not use the authorship field.

     * @throws NullPointerException if nonViralName is null.

     * @param nonViralName

     * @return

     */

    protected String getNonCacheAuthorshipCache(TaxonName nonViralName){

        if (nonViralName.getNameType().isZoological()){

            return this.getZoologicalNonCacheAuthorshipCache(nonViralName);

        }else{

            String result = "";

            INomenclaturalAuthor combinationAuthor = nonViralName.getCombinationAuthorship();

            INomenclaturalAuthor exCombinationAuthor = nonViralName.getExCombinationAuthorship();

            INomenclaturalAuthor basionymAuthor = nonViralName.getBasionymAuthorship();

            INomenclaturalAuthor exBasionymAuthor = nonViralName.getExBasionymAuthorship();

            String basionymPart = "";

            String authorPart = "";

            //basionym

            if (basionymAuthor != null || exBasionymAuthor != null){

                basionymPart = basionymStart + getAuthorAndExAuthor(basionymAuthor, exBasionymAuthor) + basionymEnd;

            }

            if (combinationAuthor != null || exCombinationAuthor != null){

                authorPart = getAuthorAndExAuthor(combinationAuthor, exCombinationAuthor);

            }

            result = CdmUtils.concat(basionymAuthorCombinationAuthorSeperator, basionymPart, authorPart);

//        if ("".equals(result)){

//        	result = null;

//        }

            return result;

        }

    }

    protected String getZoologicalNonCacheAuthorshipCache(TaxonName nonViralName) {

        if (nonViralName == null){

            return null;

        }

        String result = "";

        INomenclaturalAuthor combinationAuthor = nonViralName.getCombinationAuthorship();

        INomenclaturalAuthor exCombinationAuthor = nonViralName.getExCombinationAuthorship();

        INomenclaturalAuthor basionymAuthor = nonViralName.getBasionymAuthorship();

        INomenclaturalAuthor exBasionymAuthor = nonViralName.getExBasionymAuthorship();

        Integer publicationYear = nonViralName.getPublicationYear();

        Integer originalPublicationYear = nonViralName.getOriginalPublicationYear();

        String basionymPart = "";

        String authorPart = "";

        //basionym

        if (basionymAuthor != null || exBasionymAuthor != null || originalPublicationYear != null ){

            String authorAndEx = getAuthorAndExAuthor(basionymAuthor, exBasionymAuthor);

            String originalPublicationYearString = originalPublicationYear == null ? null : String.valueOf(originalPublicationYear);

            String authorAndExAndYear = CdmUtils.concat(zooAuthorYearSeperator, authorAndEx, originalPublicationYearString );

            basionymPart = basionymStart + authorAndExAndYear + basionymEnd;

        }

        if (combinationAuthor != null || exCombinationAuthor != null){

            String authorAndEx = getAuthorAndExAuthor(combinationAuthor, exCombinationAuthor);

            String publicationYearString = publicationYear == null ? null : String.valueOf(publicationYear);

            authorPart = CdmUtils.concat(zooAuthorYearSeperator, authorAndEx, publicationYearString);

        }

        result = CdmUtils.concat(basionymAuthorCombinationAuthorSeperator, basionymPart, authorPart);

        if (result == null){

            result = "";

        }

        return result;

    }

    /**

     * Returns the AuthorCache part for a combination of an author and an ex author. This applies on

     * combination authors as well as on basionym/orginal combination authors.

     * The correct order is exAuthor ex author though some botanist do not know about and do it the

     * other way round. (see 46.4-46.6 ICBN (Vienna Code, 2006))

     *

     * @param author the author

     * @param exAuthor the ex-author

     * @return

     */

    protected String getAuthorAndExAuthor(INomenclaturalAuthor author, INomenclaturalAuthor exAuthor){

        String authorString = "";

        String exAuthorString = "";

        if (author != null){

            authorString = CdmUtils.Nz(author.getNomenclaturalTitle());

        }

        if (exAuthor != null){

            exAuthorString = CdmUtils.Nz(exAuthor.getNomenclaturalTitle());

            exAuthorString += exAuthorSeperator;

        }

        String result = exAuthorString + authorString;

        return result;

    }

    /**

     * Checks if the given name should include the author in it's cached version.<BR>

     * This is usually the case but not for <i>species aggregates</i>.

     * @param nonViralName

     * @return

     */

    protected boolean nameIncludesAuthorship(INonViralName nonViralName){

        Rank rank = nonViralName.getRank();

        if (rank != null && rank.isSpeciesAggregate()){

            return false;

        }else{

            return true;

        }

    }

// ************* TAGGED NAME ***************************************/

    @Override

    public List<TaggedText> getTaggedFullTitle(TaxonName nonViralName) {

        List<TaggedText> tags = new ArrayList<>();

        //null

        if (nonViralName == null){

            return null;

        }

        //protected full title cache

        if (nonViralName.isProtectedFullTitleCache()){

            tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.fullName, nonViralName.getFullTitleCache()));

            return tags;

        }

        //title cache

//		String titleCache = nonViralName.getTitleCache();

        List<TaggedText> titleTags = getTaggedTitle(nonViralName);

        tags.addAll(titleTags);

        //reference

        String microReference = nonViralName.getNomenclaturalMicroReference();

        INomenclaturalReference ref = nonViralName.getNomenclaturalReference();

        String referenceCache = null;

        if (ref != null){

            Reference reference = HibernateProxyHelper.deproxy(ref, Reference.class);

            referenceCache = reference.getNomenclaturalCitation(microReference);

        }

            //add to tags

        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(referenceCache)){

            if (! referenceCache.trim().startsWith("in ")){

                String refConcat = ", ";

                tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.separator, refConcat));

            }

            tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.reference, referenceCache));

        }

        addOriginalSpelling(tags, nonViralName);

        //nomenclatural status

        tags.addAll(getNomStatusTags(nonViralName, true, false));

        return tags;

    }

    /**

     * @param nonViralName

     * @param tags

     * @return

     */

    @Override

    public List<TaggedText> getNomStatusTags(TaxonName nonViralName, boolean includeSeparatorBefore,

            boolean includeSeparatorAfter) {

        Set<NomenclaturalStatus> ncStati = nonViralName.getStatus();

        Iterator<NomenclaturalStatus> iterator = ncStati.iterator();

        List<TaggedText> nomStatusTags = new ArrayList<>();

        while (iterator.hasNext()) {

            NomenclaturalStatus ncStatus = iterator.next();

            // since the NewInstance method of nomencatural status allows null as parameter

            // we have to check for null values here

            String nomStatusStr = "not defined";

            if(ncStatus.getType() != null){

                NomenclaturalStatusType statusType =  ncStatus.getType();

                Language lang = Language.LATIN();

                Representation repr = statusType.getRepresentation(lang);

                if (repr != null){

                    nomStatusStr = repr.getAbbreviatedLabel();

                }else{

                    String message = "No latin representation available for nom. status. " + statusType.getTitleCache();

                    logger.warn(message);

                    throw new IllegalStateException(message);

                }

            }else if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(ncStatus.getRuleConsidered())){

                nomStatusStr = ncStatus.getRuleConsidered();

            }

            String statusSeparator = ", ";

            if (includeSeparatorBefore){

                nomStatusTags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.separator, statusSeparator));

            }

            nomStatusTags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.nomStatus, nomStatusStr));

            if (includeSeparatorAfter){

                nomStatusTags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.postSeparator, ","));

            }

        }

        return nomStatusTags;

    }

    @Override

    public List<TaggedText> getTaggedTitle(TaxonName nonViralName) {

        if (nonViralName == null){

            return null;

        }

        List<TaggedText> tags = new ArrayList<>();

        //TODO how to handle protected fullTitleCache here?

        if (nonViralName.isProtectedTitleCache()){

            //protected title cache

            tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.name, nonViralName.getTitleCache()));

            return tags;

        }else if (nonViralName.isHybridFormula()){

            //hybrid formula

            String hybridSeparator = NonViralNameParserImplRegExBase.hybridSign;

            boolean isFirst = true;

            List<HybridRelationship> rels = nonViralName.getOrderedChildRelationships();

            for (HybridRelationship rel: rels){

                if (! isFirst){

                    tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.hybridSign, hybridSeparator));

                }

                isFirst = false;

                tags.addAll(getTaggedTitle(rel.getParentName()));

            }

            return tags;

        }else if (nonViralName.isAutonym()){

            //Autonym

            tags.addAll(handleTaggedAutonym(nonViralName));

        }else{ //not Autonym

//			String nameCache = nonViralName.getNameCache();  //OLD: CdmUtils.Nz(getNameCache(nonViralName));

            List<TaggedText> nameTags = getTaggedName(nonViralName);

            tags.addAll(nameTags);

            String authorCache = getAuthorshipCache(nonViralName);

            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(authorCache)){

                tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.authors, authorCache));

            }

        }

        return tags;

    }

    /**

     * Returns the tag list of the name part (without author and reference).

     * @param nonViralName

     * @return

     */

    @Override

    public List<TaggedText> getTaggedName(TaxonName nonViralName) {

        if (nonViralName == null){

            return null;

        }

        List<TaggedText> tags = new ArrayList<>();

        Rank rank = nonViralName.getRank();

        if (nonViralName.isProtectedNameCache()){

            tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.name, nonViralName.getNameCache()));

        }else if (nonViralName.isHybridFormula()){

            //hybrid formula

            String hybridSeparator = NonViralNameParserImplRegExBase.hybridSign;

            boolean isFirst = true;

            List<HybridRelationship> rels = nonViralName.getOrderedChildRelationships();

            for (HybridRelationship rel: rels){

                if (! isFirst){

                    tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.hybridSign, hybridSeparator));

                }

                isFirst = false;

                tags.addAll(getTaggedName(rel.getParentName()));

            }

            return tags;

        }else if (rank == null){

            tags = getRanklessTaggedNameCache(nonViralName);

//		}else if (nonViralName.isInfragenericUnranked()){

//			result = getUnrankedInfragenericNameCache(nonViralName);

        }else if (rank.isInfraSpecific()){

            tags = getInfraSpeciesTaggedNameCache(nonViralName);

        }else if (rank.isSpecies() || isAggregateWithAuthorship(nonViralName, rank) ){ //exception see #4288

            tags = getSpeciesTaggedNameCache(nonViralName);

        }else if (rank.isInfraGeneric()){

            tags = getInfraGenusTaggedNameCache(nonViralName);

        }else if (rank.isGenus()){

            tags = getGenusOrUninomialTaggedNameCache(nonViralName);

        }else if (rank.isSupraGeneric()){

            tags = getGenusOrUninomialTaggedNameCache(nonViralName);

        }else{

            logger.warn("Name Strategy for Name (UUID: " + nonViralName.getUuid() +  ") not yet implemented");

        }

        //TODO handle appended phrase here instead of different places, check first if this is true for all

        //cases

        return tags;

    }

//***************************** PRIVATES ***************************************/

    private boolean isAggregateWithAuthorship(TaxonName nonViralName, Rank rank) {

		if (rank == null){

			return false;

		}else{

			return rank.isSpeciesAggregate() && ( isNotBlank(nonViralName.getAuthorshipCache()) || nonViralName.getNomenclaturalReference() != null );

		}

	}

	/**

     * Returns the tag list for an autonym taxon.

     *

     * @see NonViralName#isAutonym()

     * @see BotanicalName#isAutonym()

     * @param nonViralName

     * @return

     */

    private List<TaggedText> handleTaggedAutonym(TaxonName nonViralName) {

    	List<TaggedText> tags = null;

    	if (nonViralName.isInfraSpecific()){

	        //species part

	        tags = getSpeciesTaggedNameCache(nonViralName);

	        //author

	        String authorCache = getAuthorshipCache(nonViralName);

	        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(authorCache)){

	            tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.authors, authorCache));

	        }

	        //infra species marker

	        if (nonViralName.getRank() == null || !nonViralName.getRank().isInfraSpecific()){

	            //TODO handle exception

	            logger.warn("Rank for autonym does not exist or is not lower than species !!");

	        }else{

	            String infraSpeciesMarker = nonViralName.getRank().getAbbreviation();

	            if (nonViralName.isTrinomHybrid()){

	                infraSpeciesMarker = CdmUtils.concat("", NOTHO, infraSpeciesMarker);

	            }

	            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(infraSpeciesMarker)){

	                tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.rank, infraSpeciesMarker));

	            }

	        }

	        //infra species

	        String infraSpeciesPart = CdmUtils.Nz(nonViralName.getInfraSpecificEpithet()).trim();

	        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(infraSpeciesPart)){

	            tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.name, infraSpeciesPart));

	        }

        } else if (nonViralName.isInfraGeneric()){

        	//genus part

	       tags =getGenusOrUninomialTaggedNameCache(nonViralName);

	        //infra species marker

	        if (nonViralName.getRank() == null || !nonViralName.getRank().isInfraGeneric()){

	            //TODO handle exception

	            logger.warn("Rank for autonym does not exist or is not lower than species !!");

	        }else{

	        	Rank rank = nonViralName.getRank();

	            String infraGenericMarker = rank.getAbbreviation();

                if (rank.equals(Rank.SECTION_BOTANY()) || rank.equals(Rank.SUBSECTION_BOTANY())){

                	infraGenericMarker = infraGenericMarker.replace("(bot.)", "");

                }

	            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(infraGenericMarker)){

	                tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.rank, infraGenericMarker));

	            }

	        }

	        //infra species

	        String infraGenericPart = CdmUtils.Nz(nonViralName.getInfraGenericEpithet()).trim();

	        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(infraGenericPart)){

	            tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.name, infraGenericPart));

	        }

        }

        return tags;

    }

    /**

     * Returns the tag list for rankless taxa.

     * @param nonViralName

     * @return

     */

    protected List<TaggedText> getRanklessTaggedNameCache(INonViralName nonViralName){

        List<TaggedText> tags = getUninomialTaggedPart(nonViralName);

        String speciesEpi = CdmUtils.Nz(nonViralName.getSpecificEpithet()).trim();

        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(speciesEpi)){

            tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.name, speciesEpi));

        }

        String infraSpeciesEpi = CdmUtils.Nz(nonViralName.getInfraSpecificEpithet());

        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(infraSpeciesEpi)){

            tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.name, infraSpeciesEpi));

        }

        //result += " (rankless)";

        addAppendedTaggedPhrase(tags, nonViralName);

        return tags;

    }

    /**

     * Returns the tag list for the first epithet (including a hybrid sign if required).

     * @param nonViralName

     * @return

     */

    private List<TaggedText> getUninomialTaggedPart(INonViralName nonViralName) {

        List<TaggedText> tags = new ArrayList<>();

        if (nonViralName.isMonomHybrid()){

            addHybridPrefix(tags);

        }

        String uninomial = CdmUtils.Nz(nonViralName.getGenusOrUninomial()).trim();

        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(uninomial)){

            tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.name, uninomial));

        }

        return tags;

    }

    /**

     * Returns the tag list for an genus or higher taxon.

     *

     * @param nonViralName

     * @return

     */

    protected List<TaggedText> getGenusOrUninomialTaggedNameCache(INonViralName nonViralName){

        List<TaggedText> tags = getUninomialTaggedPart(nonViralName);

        addAppendedTaggedPhrase(tags, nonViralName);

        return tags;

    }

    /**

     * Returns the tag list for an infrageneric taxon (including species aggregates).

     *

     * @see #getSpeciesAggregateTaggedCache(NonViralName)

     * @param nonViralName

     * @return

     */

    protected List<TaggedText> getInfraGenusTaggedNameCache(INonViralName nonViralName){

        Rank rank = nonViralName.getRank();

        if (rank != null && rank.isSpeciesAggregate() && isBlank(nonViralName.getAuthorshipCache())){

            return getSpeciesAggregateTaggedCache(nonViralName);

        }

        //genus

        List<TaggedText> tags = getUninomialTaggedPart(nonViralName);

        //marker

        String infraGenericMarker;

        if (rank != null){

            try {

                infraGenericMarker = rank.getInfraGenericMarker();

                if (rank.equals(Rank.SECTION_BOTANY()) || rank.equals(Rank.SUBSECTION_BOTANY())){

                	infraGenericMarker = infraGenericMarker.replace("(bot.)", "");

                }

            } catch (UnknownCdmTypeException e) {

                infraGenericMarker = "'unhandled infrageneric rank'";

            }

        }else{

        	infraGenericMarker = "'undefined infrageneric rank'";

        }

        String infraGenEpi = CdmUtils.Nz(nonViralName.getInfraGenericEpithet()).trim();

        if (nonViralName.isBinomHybrid()){

            infraGenericMarker = CdmUtils.concat("", NOTHO, infraGenericMarker);

        }

        addInfraGenericPart(nonViralName, tags, infraGenericMarker, infraGenEpi);

        addAppendedTaggedPhrase(tags, nonViralName);

        return tags;

    }

	/**

	 * Default implementation for the infrageneric part of a name.

	 * This is usually the infrageneric marker and the infrageneric epitheton. But may be

	 * implemented differently e.g. for zoological names the infrageneric epitheton

	 * may be surrounded by brackets and the marker left out.

	 * @param nonViralName

	 * @param tags

	 * @param infraGenericMarker

	 */

	protected void addInfraGenericPart(

	        @SuppressWarnings("unused") INonViralName name,

	        List<TaggedText> tags,

	        String infraGenericMarker,

	        String infraGenEpi) {

		//add marker

		tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.rank, infraGenericMarker));

		//add epitheton

		if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(infraGenEpi)){

            tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.name, infraGenEpi));

        }

	}

    /**

     * Returns the tag list for a species aggregate (or similar) taxon.<BR>

     * Possible ranks for a <i>species aggregate</i> are "aggr.", "species group", ...

     * @param nonViralName

     * @return

     */

    protected List<TaggedText> getSpeciesAggregateTaggedCache(INonViralName nonViralName){

        if (! isBlank(nonViralName.getAuthorshipCache())){

        	List<TaggedText> result = getSpeciesTaggedNameCache(nonViralName);

        	return result;

        }

    	List<TaggedText> tags = getGenusAndSpeciesTaggedPart(nonViralName);

        addSpeciesAggregateTaggedEpithet(tags, nonViralName);

        addAppendedTaggedPhrase(tags, nonViralName);

        return tags;

    }

    /**

     * Adds the aggregate tag to the tag list.

     * @param tags

     * @param nonViralName

     */

    private void addSpeciesAggregateTaggedEpithet(List<TaggedText> tags, INonViralName nonViralName) {

        String marker;

        try {

            marker = nonViralName.getRank().getInfraGenericMarker();

        } catch (UnknownCdmTypeException e) {

            marker = "'unknown aggregat type'";

        }

        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(marker)){

            tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.rank, marker));

        }

    }

    /**

     * Returns the tag list for a species taxon.

     * @param nonViralName

     * @return

     */

    protected List<TaggedText> getSpeciesTaggedNameCache(INonViralName nonViralName){

        List<TaggedText> tags = getGenusAndSpeciesTaggedPart(nonViralName);

        addAppendedTaggedPhrase(tags, nonViralName);

        return tags;

    }

    /**

     * Creates the tag list for an infraspecific taxon. In include is true the result will contain

     * @param nonViralName

     * @return

     */

    protected List<TaggedText> getInfraSpeciesTaggedNameCache(TaxonName nonViralName){

        if (nonViralName.getNameType().isZoological()){

            boolean includeMarker = ! (nonViralName.isAutonym());

            return getInfraSpeciesTaggedNameCache(nonViralName, includeMarker);

        }else{

            return getInfraSpeciesTaggedNameCache(nonViralName, true);

        }

    }

    /**

     * Creates the tag list for an infraspecific taxon. If include is true the result will contain

     * the infraspecific marker (e.g. "var.")

     * @param nonViralName

     * @param includeMarker

     * @return

     */

    protected List<TaggedText> getInfraSpeciesTaggedNameCache(INonViralName nonViralName, boolean includeMarker){

        List<TaggedText> tags = getGenusAndSpeciesTaggedPart(nonViralName);

        if (includeMarker || nonViralName.isTrinomHybrid()){

            String marker = (nonViralName.getRank().getAbbreviation()).trim().replace("null", "");

            if (nonViralName.isTrinomHybrid()){

                marker = CdmUtils.concat("", NOTHO, marker);

            }

            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(marker)){

                tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.rank, marker));

            }

        }

        String infrSpecEpi = CdmUtils.Nz(nonViralName.getInfraSpecificEpithet());

        infrSpecEpi = infrSpecEpi.trim().replace("null", "");

        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(infrSpecEpi)){

            tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.name, infrSpecEpi));

        }

        addAppendedTaggedPhrase(tags, nonViralName);

        return tags;

    }

    /**

     * Adds a tag for the hybrid sign and an empty separator to avoid trailing whitespaces.

     * @param tags

     */

    private void addHybridPrefix(List<TaggedText> tags) {

        tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.hybridSign, NonViralNameParserImplRegExBase.hybridSign));

        tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.separator, "")); //no whitespace separator

    }

    /**

     * Creates the tag list for the genus and species part.

     * @param nonViralName

     * @return

     */

    private List<TaggedText> getGenusAndSpeciesTaggedPart(INonViralName nonViralName) {

        //Uninomial

        List<TaggedText> tags = getUninomialTaggedPart(nonViralName);

        //InfraGenericEpi

        boolean hasInfraGenericEpi = StringUtils.isNotBlank(nonViralName.getInfraGenericEpithet());

        if (hasInfraGenericEpi){

            String infrGenEpi = nonViralName.getInfraGenericEpithet().trim();

            if (nonViralName.isBinomHybrid()){

                //maybe not correct but not really expected to happen

                infrGenEpi = UTF8.HYBRID + infrGenEpi;

            }

            infrGenEpi = "(" + infrGenEpi + ")";

            tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.name, infrGenEpi));

        }

        //Species Epi

        String specEpi = CdmUtils.Nz(nonViralName.getSpecificEpithet()).trim();

        if (! hasInfraGenericEpi && nonViralName.isBinomHybrid() ||

                hasInfraGenericEpi && nonViralName.isTrinomHybrid()){

            addHybridPrefix(tags);

        }

        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(specEpi)){

            tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.name, specEpi));

        }

        return tags;

    }

    /**

     * Adds the tag for the appended phrase if an appended phrase exists

     * @param tags

     * @param nonViralName

     */

    protected void addAppendedTaggedPhrase(List<TaggedText> tags, INonViralName nonViralName){

        String appendedPhrase = nonViralName ==null ? null : nonViralName.getAppendedPhrase();

        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(appendedPhrase)){

            tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.name, appendedPhrase));

        }

    }

	@Override

    public String getLastEpithet(TaxonName taxonName) {

        Rank rank = taxonName.getRank();

        if(rank.isGenus() || rank.isSupraGeneric()) {

            return taxonName.getGenusOrUninomial();

        } else if(rank.isInfraGeneric()) {

            return taxonName.getInfraGenericEpithet();

        } else if(rank.isSpecies()) {

            return taxonName.getSpecificEpithet();

        } else {

            return taxonName.getInfraSpecificEpithet();

        }

    }

    /**

     * {@inheritDoc}

     */

    @Override

    protected List<TaggedText> doGetTaggedTitle(TaxonName nonViralName) {

        List<TaggedText> tags = new ArrayList<>();

        if (nonViralName.isHybridFormula()){

            //hybrid formula

            String hybridSeparator = NonViralNameParserImplRegExBase.hybridSign;

            boolean isFirst = true;

            List<HybridRelationship> rels = nonViralName.getOrderedChildRelationships();

            for (HybridRelationship rel: rels){

                if (! isFirst){

                    tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.hybridSign, hybridSeparator));

                }

                isFirst = false;

                tags.addAll(getTaggedTitle(rel.getParentName()));

            }

            return tags;

        }else if (nonViralName.isAutonym()){

            //Autonym

            tags.addAll(handleTaggedAutonym(nonViralName));

        }else{ //not Autonym

    //      String nameCache = nonViralName.getNameCache();  //OLD: CdmUtils.Nz(getNameCache(nonViralName));

            List<TaggedText> nameTags = getTaggedName(nonViralName);

            tags.addAll(nameTags);

            String authorCache = getAuthorshipCache(nonViralName);

            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(authorCache)){

                tags.add(new TaggedText(TagEnum.authors, authorCache));

            }

        }

        return tags;

    }

}