EDIT

<taxonx xmlns:dc="http://digir.net/schema/conceptual/darwin/core/2.0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">

<taxonxHeader>

<mods:mods>

<mods:titleInfo><mods:title>A Manual of the rattans of the Malay Peninsula. Malayan Forest Recirds 29.</mods:title></mods:titleInfo>

<mods:name>

<mods:namePart type="family">Dransfield</mods:namePart>

<mods:namePart type="given">J.</mods:namePart>

</mods:name>

<mods:originInfo><mods:dateIssued>1979</mods:dateIssued>

<mods:publisher>Forest Department, Ministry of Primary Industries, Malaysia</mods:publisher></mods:originInfo>

</mods:mods>

</taxonxHeader>

<taxonxBody>

<treatment rank="species">

<nomenclature>

<name>Calamus insignis Griff  var. longispinosus J.Dransf.</name>

<author>J.Dransf.</author>

<citation>Malay. Forester 41 (1978) 342</citation>

<synonymy>

<name>? = Calamus insignis sensu Furtado</name>

<author>Furtado</author>

<bibref>Furtado in Gdns. Bull. Singapore 15 (1956) 189)</bibref>

</synonymy>

</nomenclature>

<div type="introduction"><p></p></div>

<div type="etymology"><p></p></div>

<div type="vernacular"><p></p></div>

<div type="description"><p>Almost always solitary high climbing slender to moderate rattan. Stems without sheaths to 1 cm in diameter, with sheaths to 2 cm in diameter with internodes to 18 cm or more. All parts dry pale. Sheaths dull to bright green densely armed with green horizontal to slightly reflexed black-tipped spines to 2.5 cm long and scattered brown scales. Knee prominent. Ocrea inconspicuous. Flagellum to 2 m. Leaf ecirrate to 2 m long either with no petiole or with petiole to 15 cm long; petiole and rachis rather densely armed with stocky pale yellowish green black tipped reflexed spines to 4 mm long. Leaflets to 9 on each side of the rachis the terminal pair usually joined along half their length; leaflets broad, cucullate, very stiff and leathery in texture, bright green, with very prominent pale transverse veins 7-2 mm apart, the longest leaflets to 25 cm long by 7.5 cm wide, the leaflet margins rather conspicuously thickened. Inflorescences male and female superficially similar, to 2 m long with up to 8 partial inflorescences to 35 cm long, with rachillae reflexed, the female to 10 cm long, the male to 2 cm. Mature fruit oblong to 12 mm long by 7 mm wide, conspicuously tipped with a cylindrical beak to 3 mm long, covered in 22 vertical rows of pale yellowish-straw-coloured scales. Seed slightly pitted. Seedling leaf broad, bifid, shiny green with very conspicuous lateral veins.</p></div>

<div type="distribution"><p>Kedah, Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Trengganu, Negri Sembilan. N. Sumatra.</p></div>

<div type="biology_ecology"><p></p></div>

<div type="conservation"><p></p></div>

<div type="uses"><p>Excellent small diameter cane entering the market as "rotan batu". Extensively used by "Orang Asli" as binding material and for fine basket ware.</p></div>

<div type="discussion"><p>This species seems to be confined to very steep hillslopes and ridgetops at altitude of 100 -1000m.</p></div>

<div type="materials_examined"><p></p></div>

</treatment>

</taxonxBody>

</taxonx>