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<div type="description"><p>Very robust, solitary or clustering rattan climbing to 30 m. Stem with sheaths 31 - 45 mm diam., without sheaths to 18 - 32 mm diam.; internodes 13 - 32 cm. Leafecirrate, to 1.8 - 2.54 m long including petiole; sheath pale green to yellowish green, drying mid brown, usually with very sparse indument, sometimes with abundant grey indument between and on spines; spines persistent, very dense and of various sizes, orientation and form, most abundant spines 2 - 8 x 1 - 3 mm, horizontal, narrow triangular, laminar or papery, interspersed with much longer usually downward pointing golden or orange spines 30 - 40 x 1.8 - 2.3 mm and very large strictly downward-pointing spines 62 - 110 x 3 - 8 mm inserted just below the knee; knee very conspicuous, grossly swollen, 53 - 78 x 28 - 45 mm, yellowish green, usually unarmed, or very sparsely armed (in Poudyal et al. 92 rather densely armed as the sheath); ocrea 2.5 - 13 x 4 - 6 cm, entire at first, with a shallow cleft next to the petiole, soon tattering and usually disintegrating into a mass of fine pale fibres, sometimes the margins remain unsplit, the abaxial surface of the whole ocrea rather densely armed with slender spines to 5 mm, or unarmed; flagellum present, to 6- 8 m long; petiole 20 - 40 cm long, 13 - 23 mm wide, 7 - 11 mm thick at the base, adaxially flattened or shallowly channelled, abaxially rounded, with sparse to dense grey indument, and with scattered, rigid, persistent spines to 7 mm long along the margins and adaxial face, usually absent from a broad mid-band abaxially but sometimes with a row of broader triangular spines along the mid line; rachis to 214 cm long, arcuate, armed with recurved hooks abaxially, glabrous or with sparse grey indument; leaflets 53 - 65 on each side of rachis, regularly arranged, lanceolate, longest leaflet near the middle of the leaf 28 - 56 x 1.3 - 3.2 cm, apical leaflets 9 - 15 x 0.5 - 1.0 cm, apical leaflet pair united to 1/10 - 1/2 of their length, leaflets armed with long pale, darker based bristles to 10 mm long along 3 veins adaxially and with slightly shorter bristles along mid-vein abaxially, leaflets lacking indument, transverse veinlets conspicuous. Staminate inflorescence to 4 m long including peduncle to 58 cm and flagelliform tip to 90 cm, branched to 3 orders; prophyll 60 x 2.1 cm, closely sheathing, remaining ± entire with a triangular tip, with sparse grey indument and armed along margins with sparse slender spines to 25 mm long; peduncular bracts absent; rachis bracts similar to prophyll but shorter, generally unarmed and with sparse indument; primary branches up to 6 in number, to at least 60 cm long, c. 30 - 50 cm apart, with numerous rachillae; rachillae 5 - 11 x 0.2 cm; rachilla bracts 2 x 0.8 mm, distichously arranged, with patchy brown indument, unarmed; floral bracteole 0.5 x 0.5 mm, triangular, unarmed, with patchy brown indument. Staminate flowers 3 x 1 mm, known only as dry, old flowers. Pistillate inflorescence, similar to staminate inflorescence, to 4.4 m long including peduncle to 45 cm and flagelliform tip to 75 cm, branched to 2 orders; prophyll 45 x 1.4 cm, closely sheathing, remaining entire, with a triangular tip, with sparse grey indument; peduncular bracts absent, rachis bracts similar to prophyll but smaller, closely sheathing, mostly unarmed; primary branches 6 - 9, to 75 cm long, 15 - 30 cm apart, with up to 22 rachillae, subtending bracts unarmed or with few scattered short triangular spines; young rachillae 3 - 13 x 0.2 cm, rachillae in fruit 15 - 26 x 0.3 - 0.5 cm; rachilla bracts 20 - 24, 5 x 4 mm, distichous, unarmed, with sparse grey indument and dark irregular-margined scales; proximal floral bracteole 1 x 1 mm, distal floral bracteole 1 x 1 mm, scar from sterile staminate c. 1 mm diam. Pistillate flowers borne in pairs together with a sterile staminate flower to form a triad of flowers; early pistillate buds c. 2 x 1.5 mm; calyx to 3.5 mm, tubular in basal 2 mm, with triangular lobes; petals c. 2 x 1.5 mm; perianths enlarging to c. 5 mm long, splitting and becoming explanate in fruit. Sterile staminate flowers 2 x 1.5 mm in bud, similar to staminate flower. Fruit ovoid, 11.5 - 18 x 7.5 - 10 mm including beak 1.5 - 2 x 1.5 - 2 mm, with 15 - 18 vertical rows of pale yellowish to dull mid brown, channelled scales with dark or pale margins and dark tips. Seed 8 - 10 x 5.5 - 8 x 4.5 - 7 mm, ellipsoid, rather deeply scalloped and pitted, with a shallow to deep chalazal pit; endosperm homogeneous; embryo basal.</p></div>
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<div type="materials_examined"><p>INDONESIA, PAPUA. Mimika: Timika, Mile 21 Freeport Concession, Feb. 1998, Dransfield et al. JD 7669 (BO, K, L, MAN); Fak Fak: Etna Subdistr., Jepre R., Yamus, Feb. 2000, Maturbongs 673. PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Central: Port Moresby, Kuriva R., Jan. 1973, J. Gore & Bonikan NGF36540 (LAE); Kerema, near Murua School, May 1989, Poudyal et al. 83 (K); Kerema, Siraura, May 1989, Poudyal et al. 85 (K); 3 km from Brown R., May 1989, Poudyal et al. 92 (K). Gulf: Kikori Distr., Kikori R., Nov. 2000, Baker et al. 1125 (AAU, K, L, LAE NY); Malalua Subdistr., Omei R., Nov. 1972, Zieck & Kumul 36527 (BH, CANB, L). Manus Island: Manus, 1989, Mente 12, 21, 23, 27 (all K). Milne Bay: Mt Dayman, Armit s.n. (holotype Bt, isotypes FI, BH (fragment)). Northern: Kokoda, Kokoda Valley, Jan. 1973, Zieck 36543 (BH, CANB, L); Kokoda, March 1936, Carr 16298 (BH, BM, BO, BRI, K, L, LAE, SING). Southern Highlands: Kantobo, Mubi R., Feb. 1996, Baker et al. 648 (LAE, K). Western: N Fly Distr., Tabubil, Dec. 2000, Baker et al. 1126 (AAU, K, LAE); Balimo Subdistr., Arauia R., Dec. 1971, Zieck 36304 (BH, BRI, CANB, L).</p></div>
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