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<taxonx xmlns:dc="http://digir.net/schema/conceptual/darwin/core/2.0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">

<taxonxHeader>

<mods:mods>

<mods:titleInfo><mods:title>Genera Palmarum. The evolution and classification of palms</mods:title></mods:titleInfo>

<mods:name>

<mods:namePart type="family">Dransfield</mods:namePart>

<mods:namePart type="given">J.</mods:namePart>

<mods:namePart type="family">Uhl</mods:namePart>

<mods:namePart type="given">N.</mods:namePart>

<mods:namePart type="family">Asmussen</mods:namePart>

<mods:namePart type="given">C.</mods:namePart>

<mods:namePart type="family">Baker</mods:namePart>

<mods:namePart type="given">W.J.</mods:namePart>

<mods:namePart type="family">Harley</mods:namePart>

<mods:namePart type="given">M.</mods:namePart>

<mods:namePart type="family">Lewis</mods:namePart>

<mods:namePart type="given">C.</mods:namePart>

</mods:name>

<mods:originInfo>

<mods:dateIssued>2008</mods:dateIssued><mods:publisher>Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew</mods:publisher></mods:originInfo>

</mods:mods>

</taxonxHeader>

<taxonxBody>

<treatment rank="genus">

<div type="diagnosis"><p>Small to moderate tree palms from New Caledonia with divaricate inflorescences.</p></div>

<nomenclature>

<name>Actinokentia</name>

<author>Dammer</author> 

<citation>Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 20 (1906).</citation>

<type>Lectotype; Actinokentia divaricata; (Brongn.) Dammer</type>

</nomenclature>

<div type="etymology"><p>Combining aktis — a ray or beam of light, with the generic name Kentia, named for William Kent (1779–1827), once curator of the botanic gardens at Buitenzorg, Java (now Kebun Raya Bogor).</p></div>

<div type="description"><p>Solitary, small to moderate, unarmed, pleonanthic, monoecious palms. Stem slender, erect, prominently ringed with somewhat sunken leaf scars, sometimes with prickly roots. Leaves pinnate; sheaths thick, forming a crownshaft; petiole short, rounded abaxially, channelled adaxially, or elongate and terete; leaflets regularly arranged, lanceolate, acute to tapering, single-fold, adaxially waxy or glabrous, abaxially waxy tomentose with large ramenta along the midribs, midribs conspicuous, second largest ribs those along margins, transverse veinlets not evident. Inflorescences infrafoliar, protandrous, divaricately branched to 3 orders basally, 1–2 orders distally; peduncle short; prophyll tubular, pointed, rather thin, indistinctly 2-keeled, completely encircling the peduncle at insertion and enclosing the peduncular bract, caducous; peduncular bract like the prophyll but lacking keels; rachis longer than the peduncle bearing spirally arranged, spreading, acute bracts subtending branches and rachillae; rachilla bracts prominent, rounded, lip-like and shorter than the flowers or acute and exceeding the flowers, subtending triads basally, paired or solitary staminate flowers distally, in broadened depressions in the rachillae; bracteoles surrounding the pistillate flower sepal-like, outermost bracteole prominent, ca. 1/2 as long or as long as the inner bracteoles. Staminate flowers symmetrical, larger at anthesis than the pistillate buds; sepals 3, distinct, broadly imbricate and rounded, scarcely longer than broad, the outer often prominently keeled or pouch-like near the apex; petals 3, distinct, valvate, boat-shaped; stamens 19–50, filaments erect or nearly so at the apex in bud, anthers erect in bud, linear, dorsifixed, slightly emarginate apically, bifid basally, latrorse, the connective elongate; pistillode as long as the stamens in bud, tapered to a slender apex from a broad base. Pollen ellipsoidal or asymmetric to pyriform; aperture a distal sulcus; ectexine tectate, perforate, aperture margin similar or slightly finer; infratectum columellate; longest axis 48–60 µm [1/2]. Pistillate flowers, buds usually well developed at staminate anthesis, symmetrical; sepals 3, distinct, broadly imbricate and rounded; petals 3, distinct, imbricate except for briefly valvate apices; staminodes 3, small, tooth-like, borne at one side of the gynoecium; gynoecium unilocular, uniovulate, stigmas 3, prominent, recurved, ovule pendulous, hemianatropous. Fruit ellipsoidal with apical stigmatic remains; epicarp smooth, mesocarp underlain by a shell of short, pale sclereids, elliptic in outline at surface, the sclereid shell over parenchyma with flat, anastomosing longitudinal fibres adherent to the endocarp, tannin cells lacking, or few and interspersed among the fibres, endocarp thin, fragile, not operculate. Seed attached by an elongate hilum, raphe branches anastomosing, endosperm homogeneous; embryo basal. Germination adjacent-ligular; eophyll bifid. Cytology not known.</p></div>

<div type="distribution"><p>Two species in New Caledonia, occurring in wet forests on serpentine soils from 60–1000 m in the southern part of the island.</p></div>

<div type="anatomy"><p>Leaf (Uhl and Martens 1980) and fruit (Essig and Hernandez 2002). </p></div>

<div type="relationships"><p>The monophyly of Actinokentia is moderately to highly supported (Pintaud 1999a, Baker et al. in prep.). Pintaud (1999a) found weak evidence that the genus is nested within Chambeyronia, whereas other workers recover a moderately supported sister relationship with Kentiopsis (Baker et al. in review). </p></div>

<div type="uses"><p>Actinokentia divaricata was reported to be introduced into cultivation in Europe more than a century ago; recent introductions have been made and both species are now cultivated as ornamentals. </p></div>

<div type="taxonomic accounts"><p>Moore and Uhl (1984) and Hodel and Pintaud 1998. 

</p></div>

<div type="fossil record"><p>No generic records found.</p></div>

<div type="discussion"><p>Leaves of the two species are so different inmorphology that A. huerlimannii was thought at first to belongin another genus. Foliar anatomy is strikingly similar,however, as are flowers and fruits. Small size and few leaves inthe crown help to distinguish the genus.</p></div>

<div type="vernacular"><p>Common names unknown.</p></div>

<div type="biology_ecology"><p>Individuals are small relative to those of other genera in the Archontophoenicinae and seldom reach the forest canopy. Where Actinokentia divaricata and A. huerlimannii are sympatric on the flanks of Mont Nekando, they appear to occupy different habitats and exposures. </p></div>

</treatment>

</taxonxBody>

</taxonx>