2010-09-10T11:26:36 (uncertain)Certaintyalmost certainly Certaintylikely Certaintypossibly Certaintyprobably not Certaintyvery likely Certaintyblackish OtherModifierClassbluish OtherModifierClassbright OtherModifierClassbrownish OtherModifierClassdark OtherModifierClassdeeply OtherModifierClassdull OtherModifierClassglaucous- OtherModifierClassgreenish OtherModifierClassgreyish OtherModifierClasslight OtherModifierClasslilac- OtherModifierClasspale OtherModifierClasspurplish OtherModifierClassreddish OtherModifierClasswhitish OtherModifierClassyellowish OtherModifierClassdarkish OtherModifierClassgrayish OtherModifierClasshyaline OtherModifierClassmetallic OtherModifierClasse.g. "middle brown"middle OtherModifierClassochraceous OtherModifierClasspale or dark OtherModifierClasspale to dark OtherModifierClassvery dark OtherModifierClassvery light OtherModifierClassvery pale OtherModifierClass (rare)Frequencyabundant Frequencyalmost always Frequencyalmost never Frequencyalways Frequencyat least one Frequencyat least some Frequencycommonly Frequencyfew Frequencyfrequently Frequencyif present, Frequencyinfrequently Frequencyless often Frequencymany Frequencymore commonly Frequencymore often Frequencymore than Frequencymost commonly Frequencymostly Frequencynever Frequencynot commonly Frequencynumerous Frequencynumerous small Frequencyoccasional Frequencyoccasionally Frequencyoften Frequencypredominant Frequencypredominantly Frequencyrarely Frequencyrarely absent Frequencyrepeatedly Frequencyscarce Frequencyscattered Frequencysometimes Frequencytypically Frequencyuncommon Frequencyusually Frequencywith or without Frequency (mostly)Frequency (rarely)Frequency (sometimes)Frequencynearly always Frequencyseldom Frequencyvery rarely Frequencyin less than 5% of samples Frequencyin less than 10% of samples Frequencyin less than 25% of samples Frequencyin less than 50% of samples Frequencyin more than 50% of samples Frequencyin more than 75% of samples Frequencyin more than 90% of samples Frequencyin more than 95% of samples Frequencyin 5-10% of samples Frequencyin 10-25% of samples Frequencyin 25-50% of samples Frequencyin 50-75% of samples Frequencyin 75-90% of samples Frequencyin 90-95% of samples Frequency (none seen)OtherModifierClass (not seen)OtherModifierClass (trace)OtherModifierClass (traces)OtherModifierClass (when present)OtherModifierClass?OtherModifierClassabout OtherModifierClassabruptly OtherModifierClassalmost OtherModifierClassat least in traces OtherModifierClass at placesOtherModifierClassc. OtherModifierClassalso available with periodca OtherModifierClassca. OtherModifierClassfaint and rare OtherModifierClassin part OtherModifierClassin small amounts OtherModifierClassin traces OtherModifierClassincompletely OtherModifierClassinconspicuous OtherModifierClassinconspicuously OtherModifierClassindistinct OtherModifierClassintense OtherModifierClassjust OtherModifierClasslargely OtherModifierClassloosely OtherModifierClassmedium OtherModifierClassmore OtherModifierClassmore or less OtherModifierClassmuch OtherModifierClassnearly OtherModifierClassnormally OtherModifierClassoften strongly OtherModifierClassor more OtherModifierClassor nearly so OtherModifierClasspartly OtherModifierClassperhaps OtherModifierClasspresumably OtherModifierClassprobably OtherModifierClassrarely weak OtherModifierClassscarcely OtherModifierClassslightly OtherModifierClasssomewhat OtherModifierClasstraces only OtherModifierClassusually? OtherModifierClassvery OtherModifierClassvery faint and rare OtherModifierClassweak OtherModifierClassweakly OtherModifierClassweek to indistinct OtherModifierClass when presentOtherModifierClasswhen present, OtherModifierClass (above)OtherModifierClass (anterior)OtherModifierClass (apical)OtherModifierClass (below)OtherModifierClass (distal)OtherModifierClass(on each face) OtherModifierClass (posterior)OtherModifierClass (proximal and distal)OtherModifierClass (proximal)OtherModifierClassanterior OtherModifierClassanterior ones OtherModifierClassanteriorly OtherModifierClassapical OtherModifierClassapically OtherModifierClassat base OtherModifierClassat least at base OtherModifierClassat point of attachment OtherModifierClassat the apex OtherModifierClassat the base OtherModifierClassat the center OtherModifierClassat the margin OtherModifierClassat the tip OtherModifierClassat the tips OtherModifierClassat tip OtherModifierClassat tips OtherModifierClassat tips of branches OtherModifierClassbasally OtherModifierClasscentral OtherModifierClasscentrally OtherModifierClassdistal OtherModifierClassdistally OtherModifierClassdorsally OtherModifierClassdownward OtherModifierClassexcept at base OtherModifierClassexcept at the center OtherModifierClassexcept at the margin OtherModifierClassexcept at tip OtherModifierClassexcept at very base OtherModifierClassexcept at very tip OtherModifierClassin lower half OtherModifierClassin lower part OtherModifierClassin lower third OtherModifierClassin lower two-thirds OtherModifierClassin older parts OtherModifierClassin oldest parts OtherModifierClassin outer part OtherModifierClassin upper half OtherModifierClassin upper part OtherModifierClassin upper third OtherModifierClassin upper two-thirds OtherModifierClassin younger parts OtherModifierClassin youngest parts OtherModifierClassinwards from tips OtherModifierClasslocally OtherModifierClassmarginal OtherModifierClassmarginally OtherModifierClassnear the apex OtherModifierClassnear the base OtherModifierClassnear the center OtherModifierClassnear the margin OtherModifierClassposterior OtherModifierClassposterior ones OtherModifierClassposteriorly OtherModifierClassproximal OtherModifierClassproximal and distal OtherModifierClassproximally OtherModifierClassproximally and distally OtherModifierClasssometimes in older parts OtherModifierClasssometimes in oldest parts OtherModifierClasssometimes in younger parts OtherModifierClasssometimes in youngest parts OtherModifierClassthe anterior ones OtherModifierClassthe lower ones OtherModifierClassthe posterior ones OtherModifierClassthe upper ones OtherModifierClasstoward the apex OtherModifierClasstoward the base OtherModifierClasstowards the apex OtherModifierClasstowards the base OtherModifierClassupward OtherModifierClassusually in older parts OtherModifierClassusually in oldest parts OtherModifierClassusually in younger parts OtherModifierClassusually in youngest parts OtherModifierClassventrally OtherModifierClass (by misinterpretation)TreatAsMisinterpretationoften misinterpreted as TreatAsMisinterpretationrarely misinterpreted as TreatAsMisinterpretationsometimes misinterpreted as TreatAsMisinterpretationasymmetrical OtherModifierClassattenuately OtherModifierClassbluntly OtherModifierClassbroad OtherModifierClassbroadly OtherModifierClasscoarsely OtherModifierClasscompact OtherModifierClasscontiguous OtherModifierClassdense OtherModifierClassdensely OtherModifierClassdistinctly OtherModifierClassevenly OtherModifierClassfaintly OtherModifierClassfinely OtherModifierClassgradually OtherModifierClassirregular OtherModifierClassirregularly OtherModifierClasslarge OtherModifierClasslong OtherModifierClassminute OtherModifierClassminutely OtherModifierClassnarrow OtherModifierClassnarrowly OtherModifierClassobscurely OtherModifierClassprominent OtherModifierClassprominently OtherModifierClassregular OtherModifierClassregularly OtherModifierClassremotely OtherModifierClassrough OtherModifierClassrounded OtherModifierClassshort OtherModifierClassshort-OtherModifierClassshortly OtherModifierClassslender OtherModifierClassslenderly OtherModifierClasssmall OtherModifierClasssparsely OtherModifierClassstrong OtherModifierClassstrongly OtherModifierClasssub OtherModifierClasssub-OtherModifierClassthick-OtherModifierClassthicklyOtherModifierClassthin-OtherModifierClassthinlyOtherModifierClasstiny OtherModifierClassusually minute OtherModifierClassvelvety OtherModifierClasselongate OtherModifierClassovate OtherModifierClasspointed OtherModifierClassstiff OtherModifierClassstiff-OtherModifierClassstiffly OtherModifierClassstout OtherModifierClasstransversely OtherModifierClasstriangular OtherModifierClassvery short OtherModifierClassvery slender OtherModifierClassvery slenderly OtherModifierClassvery small OtherModifierClassvery strong OtherModifierClassvery strongly OtherModifierClassand OtherModifierClassor OtherModifierClassto OtherModifierClasswith OtherModifierClassat first OtherModifierClassat maturity OtherModifierClassbriefly OtherModifierClassearlier OtherModifierClassearly OtherModifierClassearly ones OtherModifierClassfirst OtherModifierClassfrom the beginning OtherModifierClassinitially OtherModifierClasslate OtherModifierClasslate ones OtherModifierClasslately OtherModifierClasslater OtherModifierClasssoon OtherModifierClass when immatureOtherModifierClass when matureOtherModifierClass when oldOtherModifierClass when very oldOtherModifierClass when very youngOtherModifierClass when youngOtherModifierClassNominalNominalwith a (real) scapeNominalNominalRatiofalseNominalNominalgradually becoming hairlessNominalNominalNominalNominalNominalNominal= swollen, fleshyNominalNominalRatiofalseRatiotrue+- regular and distant structuresirregular= rugoseNominalNominalNominalRatiofalseNominallying down=erecto-patentNominalNominalNominalNominalgradually becoming hairlessminutely scabridNominalRatiofalseNominalNominallying down(=decumbent)=erecto-patentNominalNominal= fistuloseNominalNominalminutely hispidfine, short, soft hairgradually becoming hairlessminutely scabrid= lanuginosestiff hairsNominal+- regular and distant structuresirregular= rugoseNominalRatiofalseRatiofalse= stoutNominalNominalNominalNominalNominalNominal=erecto-patentNominalNominalNominalNominalRatiofalseRatiofalseNominalNominal= bluntNominal= tapering into a narrow baseNominalgradually becoming hairlessNominalcoriaceousNominalNominalNominalNominalNominal= bluntNominalNominalRatiotrueNominalNominalOrdinalNominalRatiofalseRatiofalseNominalNominal= bluntNominalNominalgradually becoming hairlessNominalcoriaceousNominalNominalNominalNominalNominalNominal= bluntNominalNominalNominalRatiotrueNominal= bluntNominalNominalNominalNominalNominalRatiofalseRatiofalsecomblikehaving saw-toothed divisions directed backwardNominalirregularly lobed, as if tornNominal= bluntNominalNominalgradually becoming hairlessNominalcoriaceousNominalNominalNominalNominalNominal= bluntNominalNominalNominalRatiofalseNominal= bluntNominalNominalNominalNominalRatiofalseRatiofalseNominalNominal= bluntNominalNominalgradually becoming hairlessNominalcoriaceousNominalNominalNominalNominalNominal= bluntNominalNominalNominalRatiofalseNominalNominalNominalNominalNominalRatiofalseRatiofalseNominalNominal= bluntNominalNominalgradually becoming hairlessNominalcoriaceousNominalNominalNominalNominalNominalNominalRatiofalseRatiofalseNominalirregularly lobed, als if tornNominal= bluntNominalNominalgradually becoming hairlessNominalcoriaceousNominalNominalNominalNominalNominalapproaching a corymb (incl. e.g. subcorymbiform)NominalRatiotruefewseveralmany = numerousvery many = very numerous (countless)OrdinalRatiofalseheads sessileNominalRatiofalseNominalNominalgradually becoming hairlessNominalNominal= bluntNominalNominalRatiotruefewseveralmany = numerousvery many = very numerous (countless)NominalNominaldiameter equalling lengthNominalRatiofalseRatiofalseNominalHelminthothecaNominalNominalgradually becoming hairlessNominalNominalRatiofalseRatiofalseNominalNominalgradually becoming hairless= setoseNominalNominalciliolateNominalNominalNominalRatiofalseRatiofalseNominalNominal= shortly pubescentgradually becoming hairlessNominalNominalNominal= membraneousNominalNominalRatiofalseRatiofalseNominalNominalgradually becoming hairlesswith stiff hairs or bristlesshortly hispidNominalNominalNominalNominalRatiofalseNominalhoneycombed= fimbrillateNominalwith scales (= paleae) = paleate= epaleatewith bristleslacking scales and bristlesNominalNominalNominalRatiofalseNominalfine, short, soft hair= shortly pubescent= woollylong, soft hairgradually becoming hairlessNominalRatiofalsefine, short, soft hair= shortly pubescent= lanuginoselong, soft hairNominalNominalRatiofalseRatiofalseNominalRatiofalsefine, short, soft hair= shortly pubescent= woollylong, soft hairgradually becoming hairlessNominalRatiofalseRatiofalseRatiofalsefine, short, soft hair= shortly pubescent= woollylong, soft hairgradually becoming hairlessNominalRatiofalseRatiofalseNominalRatiofalseNominalRatiofalseRatiofalseRatiofalseNominalRatiofalseNominalincluding minor gradual differenceswith structural differencesNominalNominalNominalNominalRatiofalseRatiofalseNominalat ribsNominal+- regular and distant structuresirregular= rugoseNominalNominalNominalNominalRatiofalseNominalin between the primary ribsNominalNominalNominalRatiotrueNominalNominalNominalNominalNominalRatiotrueRatiofalseNominal+- regular and distant structuresirregular= rugoseNominalNominalNominalNominalNominalin between the primary ribsNominalNominal= pappose= epapposeNominalNominalNominalNominalRatiotrueRatiofalseNominal+- regular and distant structuresirregularNominalNominalNominalNominalNominalin between the primary ribsNominalNominal= pappose= epapposeNominalNominalNominalNominalRatiofalsefalling soonNominal= brittle= softNominalwith short teeth-like side projectionswith long-toothed side projections, few times longer than diameter of the bristleunspecified, non-plumoserough, with very short side projections (=fimbriae)minutely scabridNominalRatiofalserough, with very short side projections (=fimbriae)minutely scabridwith short teeth-like side projectionswith long-toothed side projections, few times longer than diameter of the bristleNominalRatiofalserough, with very short side projections (=fimbriae)minutely scabridwith short teeth-like side projectionswith long-toothed side projections, few times longer than diameter of the bristleNominalRatiofalserough, with very short side projections (=fimbriae)minutely scabridwith short teeth-like side projectionswith long-toothed side projections, few times longer than diameter of the bristleNominalNominalRatiofalserough, with very short side projections (=fimbriae)minutely scabridwith short teeth-like side projectionswith long-toothed side projections, few times longer than diameter of the bristleNominalNominalDefault arrangement of characters; used for editing and identification purposes. Each character occurs only a single time and all characters should be present.DescriptionEditingInteractiveIdentificationTerminologyReportingtrue## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0## ##0Definitions (headings, character sequence, punctuation, etc.) for the creation of natural language descriptions based on coded descriptions.NaturalLanguageReporting<p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; <growth form general>, , or <growth form lifetime>, , or <growth form special>, , or rosette <duration>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; <height>high, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; <subterranean parts>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; <colour (overall)>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; <indumentum>, , or viscid or not, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; rhizome <direction>, , or rhizome <thickness>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; <b>taproot<diameter></b>, , or <b>taproot<branching></b>, , or <b>taproot<consistency></b>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; caudex <woodiness>, , or caudex <length>, , or caudex <width>wide, , or caudex <surface structure>, , or caudex <consistency>, , or caudex < branching>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; scape <length>long, , or scape <branching>, , or scape <posture>, , or scape <section>, , or scape <colour>, , or scape <solidity>, , or scape <indumentum>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; flowering stems <number (exact)>, , or flowering stems <number>, , or flowering stems <scapelike or not>, , or <i>flowering stems </i><posture>, , or <i>flowering stems </i><section>, , or flowering stems <solidity>, , or flowering stems <colour>, , to flowering stems <indumentum>, , or flowering stems <surface structure>, , or flowering stems <length>long, , or flowering stems <diameter (exact)>in diameter, , or flowering stems <diameter (approx.)>, , or flowering stems <leafiness>, , or flowering stems <rooting or not>, , or flowering stems <branching rate>, , or flowering stems <branching position>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; <flowering> branches <branching rate>, , or <flowering> branches <posture>, , or <flowering> branches <diameter (approx.)>, , or leaves <variability>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; , rosette leaves <number/relation>, , or rosette leaves<in outline>, , or rosette leaves <lamina length>long[alternate comma],, or rosette leaves <lamina width>wide, , or rosette leaves <incision>, , to rosette leaves <margin>, , or rosette leaves <apex>, , or rosette leaves <base>, , or rosette leaves <indumentum>, , or rosette leaves <lamina texture>, , or rosette leaves <colour (if concolourous)>on both surfaces, , or rosette leaves <upper surface colour>on upper surface, , or rosette leaves <lower surface colour>on lower surface, , or , <rosette leaves> terminal lobe <shape>, , or <rosette leaves> terminal lobe <apex>, , or <rosette leaves> terminal lobe <relation>, , or , <rosette leaves> lateral lobes <number>, , or <rosette leaves> lateral lobes <shape>, , or <rosette leaves> lateral lobes <direction>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; , cauline leaves <number>, , or cauline leaves <in outline>, , or cauline leaves <lamina length>long, , or cauline leaves <lamina width>wide, , or cauline leaves <incision>, , or cauline leaves <margin>, , or cauline leaves <apex>, , or cauline leaves <base>, , or cauline leaves <indumentum>, , or cauline leaves <lamina texture>, , or cauline leaves <colour (if concolourous)>on both surfaces, , or cauline leaves <upper surface colour>on upper surface, , or cauline leaves <lower surface colour>on lower surface, , or cauline leaves <relation>, , or , <cauline leaves> terminal lobe <shape>, , or <cauline leaves> terminal lobe <apex>, , or <cauline leaves> terminal lobe <relation>, , or , <cauline leaves> lateral lobes <number (approx.)>, , or <cauline leaves> lateral lobes <number (exact)>, , or <cauline leaves> lateral lobes <shape>, , or <cauline leaves> lateral lobes <apex>, , or <cauline leaves> lateral lobes <direction>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; , lower cauline leaves <relation>, , or lower cauline leaves <number>, , or lower cauline leaves <in outline>, , or lower cauline leaves <lamina length>long, , or lower cauline leaves <lamina width>wide, , or lower cauline leaves <incision>, , or lower cauline leaves <margin>, , or lower cauline leaves <apex>, , or lower cauline leaves <base>, , or lower cauline leaves <indumentum>, , or lower cauline leaves <lamina texture>, , or lower cauline leaves <colour (if concolourous)>on both surfaces, , or lower cauline leaves <upper surface colour>on upper surface, , or lower cauline leaves <lower surface colour>on lower surface, , or , <lower cauline leaves> terminal lobe <shape>, , or <lower cauline leaves> terminal lobe <apex>, , or <lower cauline leaves> terminal lobe <relation>, , or , <lower cauline leaves> lateral lobes <number (approx.)>, , or <lower cauline leaves> lateral lobes <number (exact)>, , or <lower cauline leaves> lateral lobes <shape>, , or <lower cauline leaves> lateral lobes <apex>, , or <lower cauline leaves> lateral lobes <direction>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; , middle cauline leaves <relation>, , or middle cauline leaves <in outline>, , or middle cauline leaves <lamina length>long, , or middle cauline leaves <lamina width>wide, , or middle cauline leaves <incision>, , or middle cauline leaves <margin>, , or middle cauline leaves <apex>, , or middle cauline leaves <base>, , or middle cauline leaves <indumentum>, , or middle cauline leaves <lamina texture>, , or middle cauline leaves <colour (if concolourous)>on both surfaces, , or middle cauline leaves <upper surface colour>on upper surface, , or middle cauline leaves <lower surface colour>on lower surface, , or , middle cauline leaves terminal lobe <shape>, , or <middle cauline leaves> terminal lobe <apex>, , or <middle cauline leaves> terminal lobe <relation>, , or , <middle cauline leaves> lateral lobes <number (approx.)>, , or <middle cauline leaves> lateral lobes <number (exact)>, , or <middle cauline leaves> lateral lobes <shape>, , or <middle cauline leaves> lateral lobes <direction>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; upper cauline leaves <number>, , or upper cauline leaves <relation>, , or upper cauline leaves <in outline>, , or upper cauline leaves <lamina length>long, , or upper cauline leaves <lamina width>wide, , or upper cauline leaves <incision>, , or upper cauline leaves <margin>, , or upper cauline leaves <apex>, , or upper cauline leaves <base>, , or upper cauline leaves <indumentum>, , or upper cauline leaves <lamina texture>, , or upper cauline leaves <colour (if concolourous)>on both surfaces, , or upper cauline leaves <upper surface colour>on upper surface, , or upper cauline leaves <lower surface colour>on lower surface, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; middle and upper cauline leaves <number>, , or middle and upper cauline leaves <in outline>, , or middle and upper cauline leaves <lamina length>long, , or middle and upper cauline leaves <lamina width>wide, , or middle and upper cauline leaves <incision>, , or middle and upper cauline leaves <margin>, , or middle and upper cauline leaves <apex>, , or middle and upper cauline leaves <base>, , or middle and upper cauline leaves <indumentum>, , or middle and upper cauline leaves <lamina texture>, , or middle and upper cauline leaves <colour (if concolourous)>on both surfaces, , or middle and upper cauline leaves <upper surface colour>on upper surface, , or middle and upper cauline leaves <lower surface colour>on lower surface, , or middle and upper cauline leaves <relation>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; synflorescence <type>, , or synflorescence with <number of heads (exact)>heads, , or synflorescence <number of heads (approx.)>, , or <p></p> {{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}. , peduncle <length (exact)>long, , or peduncle <length (approx.)>, , or peduncle <diameter>in diameter, , or peduncle <shape>, , or peduncle <section>in section, , or peduncle <indumentum>, , or peduncle <bracts present or not>, , or {{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}. , peduncle bracts <apex>, , or peduncle bracts <base>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; heads with <number of flowers (exact)>flowers, , or heads <number of flowers (approx.)>, , or heads <nodding>, , or heads <flower colour not uniform>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; involucre <shape> at flowering, , or involucre <length>long, , or involucre <diameter> at floweringin diameter, , or involucre <shape> at fruiting, , or involucre <arrangements of bracts>, , or involucre <colour>, , or involucre <indumentum>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; , involucral bracts <shape>, , or involucral bracts <length>long, , or involucral bracts <width>wide, , or involucral bracts <apex>, , or involucral bracts <colour (if concolourous)>, , or involucral bracts <indumentum>, , or involucral bracts <midrib>, , or involucral bracts <margin>, , or involucral bracts margin <texture/colour>, , or , outer involucral bracts <shape>, , or outer involucral bracts <length>long, , or outer involucral bracts <width>wide, , or outer involucral bracts <apex>, , or outer involucral bracts <colour>, , or outer involucral bracts <indumentum>, , or outer involucral bracts midbrib, , or outer involucral bracts margin, , or outer involucral bracts margin <texture/colour>, , or , inner involucral bracts <shape>, , or inner involucral bracts <length>long, , or inner involucral bracts <width>wide, , or inner involucral bracts <apex>, , or inner involucral bracts <colour>, , or inner involucral bracts <indumentum>, , or inner involucral bracts midrib, , or inner involucral bracts margin, , or inner involucral bracts margin <texture/colour>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; receptacle <diameter>in diameter, , or receptacle <shape>, , or receptacle<surface>, , or receptacle <paleate or not>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; flowers <opening time>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; , corolla <shape>, , or corolla <length>long, , or corolla <colour>, , or corolla <indumentum>, , or , <corolla> tube <length>long, , or <corolla> tube <indumentum>, , or <corolla> tube <colour>, , or , <corolla> ligule <length>long, , or <corolla> ligule <width>wide, , or <corolla> ligule <colour>, , or , outer flowers corolla tube <length>long, , or outer flowers corolla tube <indumentum>, , or outer flowers corolla ligule <length>long, , or outer flowers corolla <ligule><width>wide, , or , inner flowers corolla tube <length>long, , or inner flowers corolla tube <indumentum>, , or inner flowers ligule <length>long, , or inner flowers <ligule><width>wide, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; , anthertube <colour>, , or anthertube <length>long, , or , <anthertube> apical appendages <apex>, , or <anthertube> apical appendages <length>long, , or , <anthertube> basal appendages <shape>, , or <anthertube> basal appendages <length>long, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; , style <length>long, , or style <colour>, , or , <style> branches <length>long, , or <style> branches <colour>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; , achenes <homomorphy>, , or achenes <shape>in outline, , or achenes <"straightness">, , or achenes <compression>, , or achenes <length>long, , or achenes <width>wide, , or achenes <base>, , or achenes <epidermis>, , or achenes <surface structure>, , or achenes <section>, , or achenes <colour>, , or achenes <ribbing>, , or achenes with <number of ribs>ribs, , or achenes <main ribs>, , or achenes <secondary ribs>, , or achenes <apex>, , or achenes <apikal disk>, , or , <achenes> beak <absolute length>long, , or <achenes> beak <relative length>the corpus, , or <achenes> beak <colour>, , or , outer achenes <shape>, , or outer achenes <"straightness">, , or outer achenes <compression>, , or outer achenes <length>long, , or outer achenes <width>wide, , or outer achenes <epidermis>, , or outer achenes <surface structure>, , or outer achenes <section>, , or outer achenes <colour>, , or outer achenes <ribbing>, , or outer achenes <main ribs>, , or outer achenes <secondary ribs>, , or outer achenes <apex>, , or outer achenes <pappose or not>, , or , inner achenes <shape>, , or inner achenes <"straightness">, , or inner achenes <compression>, , or inner achenes <length>long, , or inner achenes <width>wide, , or inner achenes <epidermis>, , or inner achenes <surface structure>, , or inner achenes <section>, , or inner achenes <colour>, , or inner achenes <ribbing>, , or inner achenes <main ribs>, , or inner achenes <secondary ribs>, , or inner achenes <apex>, , or inner achenes <pappose or not>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; , pappus <homomorphy>, , or pappus <colour>, , or pappus <arrangement>, , or pappus <length>long, , or pappus <persistence>, , or pappus <fragility>, , or pappus <type>, , or , outer pappus hairs <length>, , or outer pappus hairs <type>, , or , inner pappus hairs <length>, , or inner pappus hairs <type>, , or , pappus of outer achenes <length>long, , or pappus of outer achenes <type>, , or pappus of outer achenes <colour>, , or .pappus of inner achenes <length>long, , or .pappus of inner achenes <type>, , or .pappus of inner achenes <colour>, , or <p>{{{CapitalizeNextLetter}}}.</p>; based on:, , or with erecto-patent, dichotomous branchesMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew (as <i>Scariola tetrantha</i>)at lateral lobeswith long-decurrent auricles adnate to the stemMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew (as <i>Scariola viminea</i>)
Jeffrey, C. 1975: Flora auf Turkey 5. - Edinburgh (as <i>Scariola viminea</i>), covered with imbricate bractsMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew (as <i>Prenanthes triquetra</i>)at the synflorescence brancheswith many glabrous or glandular branches(Modifier originally on value-less statistical measure Min:) c.at apexin dried specimenMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22
Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR 29, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield.
Lamond, J. M. 1975: 129. Crepis L. – Pp. 814-696. in: Davis, P. H. et al (ed.), Flora of Turkey 5 – Edinburgh.at lateral lobesat lower leaves, minutely brownish-papillosewith an apical corona of small scales, copiousMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew
Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR 29, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield
Matthew, V. A. 1975: 128. Chondrilla L. – Pp. 812-814 in: Davis, P.H. et al (ed.), Flora of Turkey 5. – Edinburgh.
Sell, P. D. 1976: 174. Chondrilla L., 175. Calycocorsus F. W. Schmidt, 176. Heteracia Fischer & C. A. Meyer, 177. Lapsana L., 178. Crepis L., 179. Hispidella Barnades ex Lam. & 180. Andryala L. – Pp. 343-358 in: Tutin, G. & al. (ed.), Flora Europaea 4. – Cambridge.near the base (often), soon disappearingto a winged petiole, or bract-like, slightly narrowed upwardsSell, P. and Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge.
Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22
Lamond, J. M. 1975: 129. Crepis L. – Pp. 814-696. in: Davis, P. H. et al (ed.), Flora of Turkey 5 – Edinburgh.
Sell, P. D. 1976:??###. – Pp. ??### in: Tutin, G. & al. (ed.), Flora Europaea 4. – Cambridge.except for the spinulose margins and undersurface of midribwith projecting blunt or acute auriclesin depauperate plants(drying blue)(Originally on Max:) without beakMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew
Sell, P. and Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridgewith black hairswith a single head, but sometimes 1-2 near the baseMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. Kew (as <i>Aetheorhiza bulbosa</i>)
Sell, P. D. 1976: 165. Aetheorhiza Cass. – Pp. 326-327 in: Tutin, G. & al. (ed.), Flora Europaea 4 – Cambridge. (as <i>Aetheorhiza bulbosa</i> (L.) Cass.)except in the region of the synflorescenceat the lobeswith acute or rounded, entire or dentate auricles, often turning blue, when driedat apex and papillosewith erose margin, 5-angledwith dark brown longitudinal stripesMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2 - Kew (as <i>Cephalorrhynchus cypricus</i>).with divaricate branchesin cultivars, the auricles exceeding the stem-diameterwith the lateral heads in dense clusterswith often remote ciliadorsallywith darker marblingwith oblong or obovate, erose-laciniate scalesMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew
Sell, P. and Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge
Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR 29, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield
Kiers, A. M. 2000: Endivie, Chicory, and their wild relatives. A systematic amd phylogenetic study of <i>Cichorium</i> (<i>Asteraceae</i>). – Gorteria, Suppl. 5.with glandular hairs abovebelowon both sideswith the heads terminal or in groups of 2-4-(-8) in the axils of upper leaves, indurated, somewhat hoodedwith darker marblingwith subacute, ovate, erose scalesMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew
Sell, P. and Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge
Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR 29, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield
Kiers, A. M. 2000: Endivie, Chicory, and their wild relatives. A systematic amd phylogenetic study of <i>Cichorium</i> (<i>Asteraceae</i>). – Gorteria, Suppl. 5., bluntly spinose or spinescentat lateral lobes, lateral or in the axils of the branches, rarely terminal, indurated, slightly hoodedwith oblong, erose-laciniate scalesMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew
Kiers, A. M. 2000: Endivie, Chicory, and their wild relatives. A systematic amd phylogenetic study of <i>Cichorium</i> (<i>Asteraceae</i>). – Gorteria, Suppl. 5.
Sell, P. D. 1976: 145. Scolymus L., 146. Cichorium L., 147. Catananche L., 148. Rothmaleria Font Quer und 149. Hymenonema Cass. – Pp. 304-306 in: Tutin, G. & al. (ed.), Flora Europaea 4. – Cambridge.towards basewith yellowish or black-based bristles-laciniateupwardsat the midribat the keeled midribon outer facewith all like inner acheneswith 2 narrow, longitudinal dorsal wings and a broader ventral wingwith 10 ribsabout 2.5 mm longMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22at apex, 5-7 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm widewith all like inner achenesMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22. (<i>Crepis foetida</i> and as <i>Crepis eritreensis</i>,<i>Crepis rhoeadifolia</i> and <i>Crepis schimperi</i>)
Sell, P. and Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge;
Bogler, D. J.: 36. Crepis Linnaeus. – Pp. 222-239 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford.towards baseat apexMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Kamari, G. 1991: 39. Crepis L. - Pp. 576-595 in: Strid, A. & Tan K. (ed.), Mountain Flora of Greece 2. – Edinburgh.in the lower partat apexexternallyMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR 29, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfieldwith broad, blunt auriclesat apex just below headstowards apexon ventral surfaceon dorsal surfaceMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22abovetowards the baseat petioleor much reducedat the very apexon upper halftowards apexMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.
Feinbrun-Dothan, N. 1978: Flora Palaestina 3. – Jerusalem.with a single headnear apexespecially along midrib and nervesat apexdorsallyMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.
Lamond, J. M. 1975: 129. Crepis L. – Pp. 814-696. in: Davis, P. H. et al (ed.), Flora of Turkey 5 – Edinburgh.abovebelowwith acute auricles, becoming indurated and incurved in fruit, enveloping the outer achenesand hoodedwith 2 narrow, longitudinal ventral wingsMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.
Lamond, J. M. 1975: 129. Crepis L. – Pp. 814-696. in: Davis, P. H. et al (ed.), Flora of Turkey 5 – Edinburgh., grass-likeat basebelow headswith 10 ribs, consisting of 5 unequal awns, consisting of 20 unequal bristlesMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR XXIX, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield.
Matthew, V. A. 1975: 104. Geropogon – Pp. 668-669 in: Davis, P.H. et al (ed.), Flora of Turkey 5. – Edinburgh.with shortly projecting auriclesat margins and midribat midribbelowat apex, the outer achenes a little longer than the inner ones, with a shorter pappusMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Tadesse, M. 2004: 27. Helminthotheca - Pp. 71 in: Hedberg, I., Friis, I., Edwards, S. Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. – Uppsala.
Sell, P. and Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge.dorsallybelowat apex, but not beaked, remaining enveloped in the persistant inner involucral bractswith fragile pinnules distinctly flattened and shortly connate at baseMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Feinbrun-Dothan, N. 1978: Flora Palaestina 3. – Jerusalem.belowat apex, 4-6 mm longMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Sell, P. and Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge.
Jeffrey, C. & Beentje, H. J. 2000: <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Pp. 63-108 in: Beentje, H. J. & Smith, S. A. L. (ed.), Flora of Tropical East Africa. <i>Compositae</i> (Part 1). – Kew.in the lower partfrom near the basebelowwith acute auricles(often drying blue)at apex, reddish or bluishMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Chung, K.-F. 2006: 39. <i>Lactuca</i> L. - Pp. 363-371 in: Yatskievych, G. (ed.), Flora of Missouri 2, revised Edition. – St. Louis.
Feráková, V. 1977: The Genus <i>Lactuca</i> in Europe – Bratislava.apicallyof hyaline papillaeKilian, N. 1997: Revision of Launaea Cass. (Compositae, Lactuceae, Sonchinae). – Englera 17.
Meikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew (as <i>Launaea resedifolia</i>)with a single headwith 2-3 branched bristlesbefore anthesisat apexexternally, partly enveloped by the persistent inner involucral bractsof lacerate, yellowish scales about 0.8 mm long, somewhat dilated into a scaly baseMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Kupicha, F. K. 1975: 106. Leontodon – Pp. 671-678 in: Davis, P. H. et al (ed.), Flora of Turkey 5 – Edinburgh.with 2-barbed bristles with some sparse woolly hairswith 2-4(-5)-barbed bristles intermixed with a much shorter indumentumon both surfaceswith short, rounded projecting auriclesexternallynear apextransverselyMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew (as <i>Picris altissima</i>).
Lack, H. W. 1975: 107. Picris – Pp. 678-684 in: Davis, P. H. et al (ed.), Flora of Turkey 5 – Edinburgh (as <i>Picris altissima</i>)
Strother, J. L. 2006: 58. Picris Linnaeus. – Pp. 302-303 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford.at maturitywith fulvous bristleswith fulvous bristlestowards apextransverselyMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Lack, H. W. 1975: 107. Picris – Pp. 678-684 in: Davis, P. H. et al (ed.), Flora of Turkey 5 – Edinburgh.with 2-barbed bristleson both surfacesabove, but abruptly constricted at apex in fruit, with blackish tipswith blackish, green marginsat apexexternallytransverselyMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.with very unequal, sharply spinose lobes, the heads sessile in the axils of the uppermost leavesalmost totally enveloping the achenes and forming membranous-margined lateral wingsbelowwith a few (2-4) bristlesMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Sell, P. and Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge.
Strother, J. L. 2006: 34. Scolymus Linnaeus und 35. Cichorium Linnaeus. – Pp. 220-222 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford.with deltoid, denticulate lobeswith white margins and veinswith white margins and nervesalmost totally enveloping the achenes and winged all roundwith crispate, brown hairsMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Sell, P. and Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge.
Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR XXIX, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield.
Feinbrun-Dothan, N. 1978: Flora Palaestina 3. – Jerusalem.
Strother, J. L. 2006: 34. Scolymus Linnaeus und 35. Cichorium Linnaeus. – Pp. 220-222 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York., much reducedat apexat apexexternallytowards apexbelowMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.in the upper partwith a winged petioletowards apexexternallyat apexat the ribs and wings(Originally on Mean:) longitudinalMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR XXIX, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield.
Grierson, A. J. C. 1980: 59. Sonchus – Pp. 272-275 in: Dassayanake, M. D., Fosberg, F. R. Flora of Ceylon I – Washington, D.C.
Jeffrey, C. & Beentje, H. J. 2000: <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Pp. 63-108 in: Beentje, H. J. & Smith, S. A. L. (ed.), Flora of Tropical East Africa. <i>Compositae</i> (Part 1). – Kew.
Yatskievych, G. 2006: 46. Pyrrhoppapus DC. (flase dandelion), 47. Sonchus L. (sow thistle). – Pp. 382-387 in: Yatskievych, G. (ed.), Flora of Missouri 2, revised Edition. – St. Louis.
Pope, G. V. 1992: Flora Zambesiaca 6, part 1. – London.or purpleat the uppermost nodeswith a winged petiolewith acute or obtuse, entire or denticulate auriclestowards apextransversely(Originally on Mean:) longitudinalMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR XXIX, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield.
Jeffrey, C. & Beentje, H. J. 2000: <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Pp. 63-108 in: Beentje, H. J. & Smith, S. A. L. (ed.), Flora of Tropical East Africa. <i>Compositae</i> (Part 1). – Kew.
Pope, G. V. 1992: Flora Zambesiaca 6, part 1. – London.
Tadesse, M. 2004: 25. Sonchus - Pp. 65-70 in: Hedberg, I., Friis, I., Edwards, S. Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. – Uppsala
Yatskievych, G. 2006: 49. Tragopogon L. (goat’s beard) – Pp. 390-393 in: Yatskievych, G. (ed.), Flora of Missouri 2, revised Edition. – St. Louis.or terete near the basetowards apextowards basetowards apex, sometimes divided into very narrow almost filiform lobeswith acute, projecting auriclesat basetowards apextransversely(Originally on Mean:) longitudinalMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Boulos, L. 1976: 166. Sonchus L. – Pp. 327-238 in: Tutin, G. & al. (ed.), Flora Europaea 4. – Cambridge.
Feinbrun-Dothan, N. 1978: Flora Palaestina 3. – Jerusalem.with projecting blunt or acute auriclesoftenat apexor red externallyMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew (as <i>Steptorhamphus tuberosus</i>).
Jeffrey, C. 1975: 121. Steptorhamphus Bunge. - Pp. 775-776 in: Davis, P. H. & al. (ed.), Flora of Turkey 5. – Edinburgh (as <i>Steptorhamphus tuberosus</i>).
Feinbrun-Dothan, N. 1978: Flora Palaestina 3. – Jerusalem.(turning greenish on drying)with 4-8(14) bristlesMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Feinbrun-Dothan, N. 1978: Flora Palaestina 3. – Jerusalem.
Tadesse, M. 2004: 26. Tolpis - Pp. 70-71 in: Hedberg, I., Friis, I., Edwards, S. Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. – Uppsala.
Tutin, T.G. 1976: 150. Tolpis Adanson. – Pp. 306 in: Tutin, G. & al. (ed.), Flora Europaea 4. – Cambridge.and obtuseand acuminateat apexin upper halfalmost to apexMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew (as <i>Scorzonera jacquiniana</i>).near apex, 5-8 mm long(Originally on UMethUpper:) and more, the inner flowers often purple, usually turning greenish when dry, occasionally with an additional long bristlewith 3-4 long bristles and some scales in a row at their baseMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Strother, J. L. 2006: 49. Arnoseris Gaertner und 50. Tolpis Adanson. – Pp. 276-277 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford.
Sell, P. and Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge., expanded, remotejust below headtoward the baseat apex, the outer series thicker than the innerMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew (as <i>Tragopogon sinuatus</i>)
Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR XXIX, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield.
Richardson, I. B. K. 1976: 162. Tragopogon L. (incl. Geropogon L.). – Pp. 322-325 in: Tutin, G. & al. (ed.), Flora Europaea 4. – Cambridge.
Soltis, P. S. 2006: 59. Tragopogon Linnaeus. – Pp. 303-306 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford.
Tadesse, M. 2004: 29. Tragopogon - Pp 73-74 in: Hedberg, I., Friis, I., Edwards, S. Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. – Uppsala.
Yatskievych, G. 2006: 49. Tragopogon L. (goat’s beard) – Pp. 390-393 in: Yatskievych, G. (ed.), Flora of Missouri 2, revised Edition. – St. Louis.below along the nerveswith acute or rounded projecting auricles, often with a dark violet margintowards apextowards apex, about 0.3 mm diameterMeikle, R.D. 1985: Flora auf Cyprus 2. - Kew.
Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR XXIX, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield.
Sell, P. D. 1976: 157. <i>Urospermum</i> Scop. – Pp. 308 in: Tutin, G. & al. (ed.), Flora Europaea 4. – Cambridge.with a winged petiole(Originally on Max:) +at apexround the pitswith yellow on inner faceBogler, D. J.: 36. Crepis Linnaeus. – Pp. 222-239 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford.
Sell, P. and Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge.
Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.
Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR XXIX, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield.with a rosette of leaves in the first yearbelow sometimeswith a winged petiolewith yellow or black hairsat apexaround the pitsBogler, D. J.: 36. Crepis Linnaeus. – Pp. 222-239 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford.
Sell, P. and Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge.
Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.sometimeswith a winged petiolesometimes, appressed to innerBogler, D. J.: 36. Crepis Linnaeus. – Pp. 222-239 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford.
Sell, P. and Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge.
Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.belowbelowwith a winged petiolewith short or long acuminate auriclesat apexaround the pitsabove, partly enveloped by the persistent inner involucral bractsBogler, D. J.: 36. Crepis Linnaeus. – Pp. 222-239 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford.
Sell, P. and Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge.
Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.outsideinside, enveloped by the persistent inner involucral bractswith about 10 ribswith 15-20 ribsBogler, D. J.: 36. Crepis Linnaeus. – Pp. 222-239 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford.
Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a broadly winged petiolewith acuminate auriclesinsideoutsidearound the pitswith the outer achenes sometimes absent or replaced by typical inner achenes(Originally on UMethUpper:) including beakBogler, D. J.: 36. Crepis Linnaeus. – Pp. 222-239 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford.
Sell, P. and Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge.
Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.
Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR XXIX, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield.towards the basewith a winged usually reddish-purple petioleat apexaround the pits, half enclosed in the inner involucral bractsBogler, D. J.: 36. Crepis Linnaeus. – Pp. 222-239 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford.
Sell, P. and Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge.
Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.at apexbelowtowards the base(Originally on UMethUpper:) including beakBogler, D. J.: 36. Crepis Linnaeus. – Pp. 222-239 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford.
Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.at apexSell, P. and Murell, G. 2006: Flora of Great Britain and Ireland 4. – Cambridge.
Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR XXIX, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield.
Strother, J. L. 1975: 45. Lactuca Linnaeus - Pp. 259-263 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford.oftenat apexBogler, D. J.: 36. Crepis Linnaeus. – Pp. 222-239 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford (as <i>Crepis nana</i>).
Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22 (as <i>Crepis nana</i>).
Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR XXIX, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield (as <i>Crepis nana</i>).in older plants, forming a dense obconical clump topped by a mass of flower heads, dichotomously branched distally(Originally on UMethUpper:) or moreat apexwith prominent transverse septa simulating minute protuberancesBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22 (as <i>Crepis elegans</i>); Bogler, D. J.: 36. Crepis Linnaeus. – Pp. 222-239 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford (as <i>Crepis elegans</i>).with winged petioleat apexon outer faceBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22 (as <i>Crepis abyssinica</i>). Jeffrey, C. & Beentje, H. J. 2000: <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Pp. 63-108 in: Beentje, H. J. & Smith, S. A. L. (ed.), Flora of Tropical East Africa. <i>Compositae</i> (Part 1). – Kew.at the lobeson upper half of inner faceat the apexBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22 (as <i>Crepis albanica</i>).at the summitwith 1-3 headswith winged petioleBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.at apexwith reddish-purple teethBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22 (as <i>Crepis albiflora</i>). Lamond, J. M. 1975: 129. <i>Crepis</i> L. – Pp. 814-696. in: Davis, P. H. et al (ed.), Flora of Turkey 5 – Edinburgh.near the basewith winged petioleat apexat apexon outer face, enveloped by the persistent inner involucral bractswith 10 ribsBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petioleat apexat apexon outer faceBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petiolewith acute auriclesat tipin a dorsal rowon outer face, enveloped by the persistent inner involucral bractswith 10 ribsBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.at the bifurcationswith a winged petioleat the very baseon upper half, the angles formed by the ribs(Originally on Mean:) 3-5 ribs strongerBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22 (as <i>Crepis auriculifolia</i> and as <i>Crepis raulinii</i>); Kamari, G. 1991: 39. <i>Crepis L.</i> - Pp. 576-595. - in: Strid, A. & Tan K. (ed.), Mountain Flora of Greece 2.(?)with a winged petiole, dorsally convex, ventrally flatwith 10 ribs, exceeding the involucreBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petiolenear base of headon outer facesometimes enveloped by the persistent inner involucral bractsBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.abovebelowBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petioleat apexBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22 (as <i>Crepis blattarioides</i>).at bifurcations, revoluteon upper surfacenear headat apexon outer face, united at baseBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.belowwith a winged petiolenear apexon outer faceBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22 (<i>as Crepis bourgeaui).with winged petiole,, enveloped by the persistent inner involucral bracts, united at baseBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petioleat the apexon outer facepartly enveloped by the persistent inner involucral bractsBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.at summit, many of the ultimate branches leafy and sterile(Originally on Mean:) (immature)Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petiolenear the baseat apexaboveBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.at base of leaveswith winged petioleBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22 (as <i>Crepis cameroonica</i>). Jeffrey, C. & Beentje, H. J. 2000: <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Pp. 63-108 in: Beentje, H. J. & Smith, S. A. L. (ed.), Flora of Tropical East Africa. <i>Compositae</i> (Part 1). – Kew.at apexBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petioleat apexwith green hairsBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petioletoward apexnear apexin a median rowtoward basenear apextoward baselonger than the achenesat apex(Originally on Mean:) + 0.25 (smaller segment) 2-parted, unitedBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22., smallat apexon outer facewith 3 angles, often enveloped by involucral bractswith 10 ribsBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22 (as <i>Crepis corymbosa</i>).with a winged petiolewith white midveinnear the headat apexwith 18-20 ribsBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22., forming small tuftswith a more or less winged petiolenear headat apex-obliqueblackBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22. Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR XXIX, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield.(?)with a winged petioleish-purpleBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.belowwith a winged petiolenear headat marginat apexat apexBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22., each branch bearing a dense rosette of small leaveswith a winged petiolenear head, up to 12 mm long, united at baseBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.near basewith a winged petiolewith a winged petiolewith crinkled hairsBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petiolewith a winged petioletoward apexBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.near the headwith a winged petioleat apexon outer face(Originally on Mean:) sometimes with faint traces of additional onesBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.(?)with a winged petioleat apex(Originally on UMethUpper:) (in marginal flowers)on outer face of marginal flowersBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petioleBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petioleespecially at the basewith broad yellow marginsat apexat apex or on upper half, glandular on outer face, unitedbrown, united at baseBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a single headwith a winged petioleat apexon outer facetoward apex(Originally on UMethUpper:) alternate ribs often strongerBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petiolewith a winged petioleat apex, united(Originally on Mean:) youngBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.near basewith a winged petiolewith a winged petiole, dorsally convex, ventrally flat, enveloped by the inner involucral bractswith 10 ribs(Originally on UMethUpper:) short on outer achenesBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a narrow winged petioleand obtuseand acuteat apexorBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petioleat the very basewith a winged petioleat the very basenear tip(Originally on UMethUpper:) alternate ribs often strongerBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.near basewith a winged petiolealong veinsat the baseor irregularly angledwith a winged petiolenear fruiting heads-reddish on outer faceBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.apicallywith a winged petiolenear basewith a winged petiolenear tipBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.at the basein mid-region of stemat the base and the very apexnear headat apexor cream-whiteBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petiole(?)belowon outer face and at the teeth(Originally on Mean:) more or less degenerate, partly fertile, dorsally convexat apex, enveloped by the inner involucral bractsat apexwith 10 ribs, about 1 mm longBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22., woollybelowabovenarrowly(narrowly)(or at apex)at apexBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.when there is only 1 stemwith a winged petioleat apex(Originally on UMethUpper:) outer flowerson outer face in outer flowers, partly united, a little shorter than inner oneswith 10 ribsBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petiole(sparsely)becoming(sparsely)(sparsely)at apexchrome-on outer facein outer achenesBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petiolewith a winged petiolenear headat apexon outer facenear the apexBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petiolein fruitat apexnear apex, united at baseBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petiolewith a winged petiolebelowat apex, sometimes with green hairsin outer achenes(Originally on UMethLower:) sometimes 3-5 ribs strongerenveloped by the whole involucrumBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.near nasetoward apexnear headat apex, dorsally convexor pale creamBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22., 5-10 cm wide(to!)with a winged petiole(sparsely)aboveon outer facejust below pappus, occasionally ciliate more than 1 mm below pappusBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.near base(Originally on UMethUpper:) polyploid(Originally on Max:) (polyploid)at apex-yellowBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with 2-3 stemswith a winged petiole(the lower ones)at apextoward apexBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petioleat apexat apex(Originally on UMethUpper:) 4-5 ribs strongerBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.except the headswith a winged petiole(sometimes) beneath or at the margin, midrib darkerat apexat apexBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with 1-3 stemswith a winged petiolesometimesBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.abovewith a winged petioleon outer faceventrallyat beak(deep)Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.abovenear baseaboveabove(3-4)at apex(dark)Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petiolewith a winged petioleBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.belownear headat midrib(Originally on Mean:) , alternate ribs a little strongerat apex, cilia early caducuous or sometimes absentBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.(?)when oldwhen youngnear headwith a winged petioleon outer face, enclosed by the persistent inner involucral bractswith 10 ribsBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.abovewith a winged petiolewith a winged petioleBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.with a winged petiolewith a winged petiolenear headat apexwith 5 reddish-brown nerves(Originally on UMethUpper:) (striae; sometimes with 3-5 stronger ones in outer achenesBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22 (<i>Crepis viscuidula</i> and as <i>Crepis geracioides</i>).
Sell, P. D. 1976: 174. Chondrilla L., 175. Calycocorsus F. W. Schmidt, 176. Heteracia Fischer & C. A. Meyer, 177. Lapsana L., 178. Crepis L., 179. Hispidella Barnades ex Lam. & 180. Andryala L. – Pp. 343-358 in: Tutin, G. & al. (ed.), Flora Europaea 4. – Cambridge (as <i>Crepis geracioides</i>).
Kamari, G. 1991: 39. <i>Crepis</i> L. - Pp. 576-595 in: Strid, A. & Tan K. (ed.), Mountain Flora of Greece 2. – Edinburgh.especially in the upper partwith a single headwith winged petioleBobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR XXIX, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield.
Lamond, J. M. 1975: 129. <i>Crepis</i> L. – Pp. 814-696. in: Davis, P. H. et al (ed.), Flora of Turkey 5 – Edinburgh.at apexaboveBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.
Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR XXIX, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield.near basewith a winged petioletoward headat basewith black tipwith black tiptoward apexBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22.
Tadesse, M. 2004: 18. <i>Crepis</i> - Pp 46-51 in: Hedberg, I., Friis, I., Edwards, S. Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. – Uppsalabelowabovewith a winged petioleat the apex(Originally on UMethUpper:) sometimes 3 ribs strongerBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22; Kamari, G. 1991: 39. <i>Crepis</i> L. - Pp. 576-595 in: Strid, A. & Tan K. (ed.), Mountain Flora of Greece 2. – Edinburgh.abovebelowwith a winged petiolewith a black dorsal median stripewith a green dorsal median stripeat apexBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22;
Tadesse, M. 2004: 18. <i>Crepis</i> - Pp 46-51 in: Hedberg, I., Friis, I., Edwards, S. Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. – Uppsala.abovebelow and at bifurcationsat apex-yellowat teeth on outer face, enclosed by the inner involucral bracts(sparsely)with 16-18, 3-4 somewhat stronger, united at baseBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22;
Feinbrun-Dothan, N. 1978: Flora Palaestina 3. – Jerusalem.with a winged petiolewith a winged petioleat apextoward the apex(Originally on Mean:) , often somewhat unequal, united at the baseBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22;
Bogler, D. J.: 36. Crepis Linnaeus. – Pp. 222-239 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford.with a winged petioleat apex(when dry)Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the U.S.S.R. 29, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield.with a winged petiolewith a winged petiolenear headat apex, unitedat apex(Originally on UMethUpper:) sometimes 2-4 ribs strongerBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22; Lamond, J. M. 1975: 129. <i>Crepis</i> L. – Pp. 814-696. in: Davis, P. H. et al (ed.), Flora of Turkey 5 – Edinburgh.on outer face(Originally on UMethUpper:) including beak, enclosed by the inner involucral bracts(Originally on UMethUpper:) including beakwith 15-18 ribs(Originally on UMethUpper:) outer achenes surrounded at base by a crown of hairs 0.5-0.7 mm longBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22; Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the U.S.S.R. 29, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield; Lamond, J. M. 1975: 129. <i>Crepis</i> L. – Pp. 814-696. in: Davis, P. H. et al (ed.), Flora of Turkey 5 – Edinburgh.Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22; Lamond, J. M. 1975: 129. <i>Crepis</i> L. – Pp. 814-696. in: Davis, P. H. et al (ed.), Flora of Turkey 5 – Edinburgh.at apex(Originally on Mean:) not fully matureaboveKamari, G. 1991: 39. Crepis L. - Pp. 576-595 in: Strid, A. & Tan K. (ed.), Mountain Flora of Greece 2. – Edinburgh.Babcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22 (as <i>Crepis suberostris</i>).near base and headtowith a winged petioleat baseBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22; Lamond, J. M. 1975: 129. <i>Crepis</i> L. – Pp. 814-696. in: Davis, P. H. et al (ed.), Flora of Turkey 5 – Edinburgh.except at base and bifurcationsat basetoward apexmedian dorsal stripeat apexBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22; Kamari, G. 1991: 39. <i>Crepis</i> L. - Pp. 576-595 in: Strid, A. & Tan K. (ed.), Mountain Flora of Greece 2. – Edinburgh.near the headat apexBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22; Bogler, D. J.: 36. Crepis Linnaeus. – Pp. 222-239 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford.aboveat apexon outer faceBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22; Kamari, G. 1991: 39. <i>Crepis</i> L. - Pp. 576-595 in: Strid, A. & Tan K. (ed.), Mountain Flora of Greece 2. – Edinburgh; Lamond, J. M. 1975: 129. <i>Crepis</i> L. – Pp. 814-696. in: Davis, P. H. et al (ed.), Flora of Turkey 5 – Edinburgh.-reddishwith a winged petiolewith a winged petioleBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22; Bogler, D. J.: 36. Crepis Linnaeus. – Pp. 222-239 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford.abovetowith a winged petiolewith a winged petiolenear apex(Originally on Mean:) 3-5 ribs slightly strongerBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22 (as <i>Crepis baldaccii</i> and as <i>Crepis albanica</i>); Kamari, G. 1991: 39. <i>Crepis</i> L. - Pp. 576-595 in: Strid, A. & Tan K. (ed.), Mountain Flora of Greece 2. – Edinburg.with a winged petiolewith a winged petiole, sometimes united at the baseBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22; Bogler, D. J.: 36. Crepis Linnaeus. – Pp. 222-239 in: Flora of North America Editorial Com. (ed.), Flora of North America 19. – New York / Oxford.belowwith a winged petioleat baseBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22; Lamond, J. M. 1975: 129. <i>Crepis</i> L. – Pp. 814-696. in: Davis, P. H. et al (ed.), Flora of Turkey 5 – Edinburgh.in the lower partwith a winged petiolewith a winged petioleat apexat apex and baseBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22 (as <i>Crepis bungei</i> and as <i>Crepis ircutensis<i>); Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the USSR 29, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>.belowaboveat apex(Originally on Mean:) (in outer flowers)(Originally on Mean:) in outer flowersBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22; Lamond, J. M. 1975: 129. <i>Crepis</i> L. – Pp. 814-696. in: Davis, P. H. et al (ed.), Flora of Turkey 5 – Edinburgh.towards basebelowabovewith a sometimes winged petioleat baseat apexat apexBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22 (as <i>Crepis carbonaria</i>, <i>Crepis ellenbeckii</i>, <i>Crepis glandulosissima</i> and <i>Crepis scaposa</i>); Jeffrey, C. & Beentje, H. J. 2000: <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Pp. 63-108 in: Beentje, H. J. & Smith, S. A. L. (ed.), Flora of Tropical East Africa. <i>Compositae</i> (Part 1). – Kew; Tadesse, M. 2004: 18. <i>Crepis</i> - Pp 46-51 in: Hedberg, I., Friis, I., Edwards, S. Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea. – Uppsala.at the basewith a winged petiolewith a winged petiolein upper partwith a black longitudinal stripe in the middleat apexBobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the U.S.S.R. 29, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield (as <i>Crepis caucasica</i> and as <i>Crepis glabra</i>).with a winged petioleat apexBobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the U.S.S.R. 29, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield.belowabovealloverabovewith a winged petiolenear apex(Originally on UMethUpper:) , sometimes 3-4 stronger ribsBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22; Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the U.S.S.R. 29, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield.with a winged petiolewith a winged petioletoward apexat apexat apex(Originally on UMethUpper:) sometimes 3-5 ribs slightly stronger, united at baseBabcock, E. B. 1947: The genus <i>Crepis</i> 2. – Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22; Bobrov, E. G. and Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.) 2000: Flora of the U.S.S.R. 29, <i>Compositae</i>, Tribe <i>Cichorieae</i>. – Enfield.