EDIT

/**

 * Renders and array of CDM TypeDesignations

 *

 * @param object $type_designations an array of cdm TypeDesignation entities

 *  to render

 * @param string $enclosing_tag the tag element type to enclose the whole list

 *  of type designation with. By default this DOM element is <ul>

 * @param string $element_tag the tag element type to be used for each

 *  type designation item.

 * @param bool $link_to_specimen_page whether a specimen in type designation element

 *  should be a link or not.

 *

 * @return string The markup.

 *

 * @InGroup Render

 */

function render_type_designations($type_designations, $enclosing_tag = 'ul', $element_tag =  'li', $link_to_specimen_page = true) {

  // need to add element to render path since type designations

  // need other name render template

  RenderHints::pushToRenderStack('typedesignations');

  $out = '<' . $enclosing_tag .' class="typeDesignations">';

  $typeDesignation_footnotes = FALSE;

  $is_lectotype = FALSE;

  $specimen_type_designations = array();

  $name_type_designations = array();

  $textual_type_designations = array();

  $separator = ',';

  foreach ($type_designations as $type_designation) {

    switch ($type_designation->class) {

      case 'SpecimenTypeDesignation':

        $specimen_type_designations[] = $type_designation;

        break;

      case 'NameTypeDesignation':

        $name_type_designations[] = $type_designation;

        break;

      case 'TextualTypeDesignation':

        $textual_type_designations[] = $type_designation;

        break;

      default:  throw new Exception('Unknown type designation class: ' . $type_designation->class);

    }

  }

  // NameTypeDesignation ..................................

  if(!empty($name_type_designations)){

    uksort($name_type_designations, "compare_type_designation_status");

    foreach($name_type_designations as $name_type_designation){

      if ($name_type_designation->notDesignated) {

        $out .= '<'. $element_tag .' class="' . html_class_attribute_ref($name_type_designation) . '">' .  type_designation_status_label_markup($name_type_designation)  . ': '

          . t('not designated') . '</'. $element_tag .'>';

      }

      elseif (isset($name_type_designation->typeName)) {

        $link_to_name_page = url(path_to_name($name_type_designation->typeName->uuid));

        $out .= '<'. $element_tag .' class="' . html_class_attribute_ref($name_type_designation) . '">' .  type_designation_status_label_markup($name_type_designation) ;

        if (!empty($name_type_designation->citation)) {

          $out .= type_designation_citation_layout($name_type_designation, $separator); // TODO type_designation_citation_layout() needs most probably to be replaced

        }

        $referenceUri = '';

        if (isset($name_type_designation->typeName->nomenclaturalReference)) {

          $referenceUri = url(path_to_reference($name_type_designation->typeName->nomenclaturalReference->uuid));

        }

        $out .= ': ' . render_taxon_or_name($name_type_designation->typeName, $link_to_name_page, $referenceUri, TRUE, TRUE);

      }

    }

  } // END NameTypeDesignation

  // SpecimenTypeDesignation ...................................

  if (!empty($specimen_type_designations)) {

    usort($specimen_type_designations, "compare_specimen_type_designation");

    foreach ($specimen_type_designations as $specimen_type_designation) {

      $type_citation_markup = '';

      if (!empty($specimen_type_designation->citation)) {

        $citation_footnote_str = theme('cdm_reference', array('reference' => $specimen_type_designation->citation, 'doIconLink' => true));

        $author_team = cdm_ws_get(CDM_WS_REFERENCE_AUTHORTEAM, $specimen_type_designation->citation->uuid);

        if (!empty($author_team->titleCache)) {

          $year = @timePeriodToString($specimen_type_designation->citation->datePublished, true, 'YYYY');

          $authorteam_str = $author_team->titleCache . ($year ? ' ' : '') . $year;

          if ($authorteam_str == $specimen_type_designation->citation->titleCache) {

            $citation_footnote_str = '';

          }

        } else {

          $authorteam_str = $citation_footnote_str;

          // no need for a footnote in case in case it is used as replacement for missing author teams

          $citation_footnote_str = '';

        }

        // for being registered a typedesignation MUST HAVE a citation, so it is save to handle the

        // Registration output in if condition checking if the citation is present

        $registration_markup = render_registrations($specimen_type_designation->registrations);

        $citation_footnote_str .= ($citation_footnote_str ? ' ' : '') . $registration_markup;

        $footnote_key_markup = '';

        if ($citation_footnote_str) {

          // footnotes should be rendered in the parent element so we

          // are relying on the FootnoteListKey set there

          $_fkey2 = FootnoteManager::addNewFootnote(RenderHints::getFootnoteListKey(), $citation_footnote_str);

          $footnote_key_markup = theme('cdm_footnote_key', array(

            'footnoteKey' => $_fkey2,

            'separator' => $separator,

            'highlightable' => TRUE,

            'separator_off' => TRUE,

          ));

        }

        $type_citation_markup .= '&nbsp;(' . t('designated by') . '&nbsp;<span class="typeReference">' . $authorteam_str . '</span>';

        if (!empty($specimen_type_designation->citationMicroReference)) {

          $type_citation_markup .= ': ' . trim($specimen_type_designation->citationMicroReference);

        }

        $type_citation_markup .= $footnote_key_markup . ')';

      }

      $out .= '<'. $element_tag .' class="' . html_class_attribute_ref($specimen_type_designation) . '">';

      $out .= type_designation_status_label_markup($specimen_type_designation) . $type_citation_markup;

      $derivedUnitFacadeInstance = null;

      if (isset($specimen_type_designation->typeSpecimen)) {

        $derivedUnitFacadeInstance = cdm_ws_get(CDM_WS_DERIVEDUNIT_FACADE, $specimen_type_designation->typeSpecimen->uuid);

      }

      if (!empty($derivedUnitFacadeInstance->titleCache)) {

        $specimen_markup = $derivedUnitFacadeInstance->titleCache;

        if($link_to_specimen_page && isset($derivedUnitFacadeInstance->specimenLabel) && $derivedUnitFacadeInstance->specimenLabel){

          $specimen_markup = str_replace($derivedUnitFacadeInstance->specimenLabel, l($derivedUnitFacadeInstance->specimenLabel, path_to_specimen($specimen_type_designation->typeSpecimen->uuid)), $specimen_markup);

        }

        $out .= ': <span class="' . html_class_attribute_ref($specimen_type_designation->typeSpecimen) . '">'

           . $specimen_markup

           . '</span>'; // . ': ' . theme('cdm_specimen', array('specimenTypeDesignation' => $derivedUnitFacadeInstance));

        if(!empty($derivedUnitFacadeInstance->preferredStableUri)){

          $out .= ' ' . l($derivedUnitFacadeInstance->preferredStableUri, $derivedUnitFacadeInstance->preferredStableUri, array('absolute' => true));

        }

      }

      $out .= '</'. $element_tag .'>';

    }

  } // END Specimen type designations

  // TextualTypeDesignation .........................

  if(!empty($textual_type_designations)) {

    foreach ($textual_type_designations as $textual_type_designation) {

      $encasement =  $textual_type_designation->verbatim ? '"' : '';

      $out .= '<' . $element_tag . ' class="' . html_class_attribute_ref($textual_type_designation) . '">' . type_designation_status_label_markup(null)

        . ': ' .  $encasement . $textual_type_designation->text_L10n->text . $encasement . '</' . $element_tag . '>';

      $annotations_and_sources = handle_annotations_and_sources(

        $textual_type_designation,

        array(

          'sources_as_content' => false, // as footnotes

          'link_to_name_used_in_source' => false,

          'link_to_reference' => true,

          'add_footnote_keys' => false,

          'bibliography_aware' => false),

      '',

        RenderHints::getFootnoteListKey() // passing a defined key to avoid separate annotation footnote key see https://dev.e-taxonomy.eu/redmine/issues/8543

        );

      $out .= $annotations_and_sources['foot_note_keys'];

        if(is_array( $annotations_and_sources['source_references'])){

          $citation_markup = join(', ', $annotations_and_sources['source_references']);

        }

    }

  }

  // Footnotes for citations, collection acronym?s.

  // footnotes should be rendered in the parent element so we

  // are relying on the FootnoteListKey set there

  $_fkey = FootnoteManager::addNewFootnote(

    RenderHints::getFootnoteListKey(),

    (isset($derivedUnitFacadeInstance->collection->titleCache) ? $derivedUnitFacadeInstance->collection->titleCache : FALSE)

  );

  $out .= theme('cdm_footnote_key', array('footnoteKey' => $_fkey, 'separator' => $separator));

  $out .= '</' . $enclosing_tag .'>';

  RenderHints::popFromRenderStack();

  return $out;

}