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<taxonx xmlns:dc="http://digir.net/schema/conceptual/darwin/core/2.0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="file:/C:/soro/WWW/schemas/taxonx1_x.xsd file:/C:/soro/WWW/schemas/taxonx1_x.xsd">
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<taxonxHeader>
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<mods:mods>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The rattans of Brueni Darussalam</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:start>99</mods:start>
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<mods:end>101</mods:end>
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<mods:extext><mods:total>217 p.</mods:total></mods:extext>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:partName type="family">Dransfield</mods:partName>
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<mods:partName type="given">John</mods:partName>
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<mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm></mods:role>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:namePart type="family">Nangkat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart type="given">Niga</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">creator assistant</mods:roleTerm></mods:role>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:namePart type="family">Morni</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart type="given">Halimah H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">creator assistant</mods:roleTerm></mods:role>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:namePart type="family">Ahmad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart type="given">Joffre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">creator assistant</mods:roleTerm></mods:role>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:namePart type="family">Kalat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart type="given">Ariffin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role><mods:roleTerm type="text">creator assistant</mods:roleTerm></mods:role>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:publisher>Ministry of industry and Primary resources Brunei Darussalam</mods:publisher>
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<mods:dateIssued>1997</mods:dateIssued>
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</mods:originInfo>
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</mods:mods>
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</taxonxHeader>
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<taxonxBody>
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<treatment type="species">
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<head>
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<title>Calamus laevigatus var. mucronatus (Becc.) J. Dransf.</title>
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</head>
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<div type="etymology">Latin – bearing an abruptly narrowed tip</div>
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<div type="local_names">Rotan Peladas (Br.), Uwai Padas (Dus.), Wi Anak (Ib.) </div>
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<nomenclature>
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<name>Calamus laevigatus var. mucronatus (Becc.) J. Dransf.</name>
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<author>(Becc.) J. Dransf.</author>
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<bibref>Dransfield, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 81: 8 (1980).</bibref>
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<bibref>Dransfield, Rattans of Sabah 104 (1984).</bibref>
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<bibref>Dransfield, Rattans of Sarawak 106 (1992).</bibref>
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<status>accepted</status>
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<year>1980</year>
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<synonomy>
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<name>Calamus mucronatus Becc.</name>
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<author>Becc.</author>
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<year>1902</year>
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<bibref>Beccari, Rec. Bot. Surv. India 2: 213 (1902).</bibref>
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<bibref>Beccari, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 11: 420 (1908).</bibref>
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</synonomy>
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</nomenclature>
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<div type="description">Very slender solitary rattan climbing to great heights, often over 60 m in length; stem without sheaths c. 4 mm diam., with sheaths to 8 mm diam.; internodes to 13 cm, frequently less in exposed stems. Sheaths dull dark green with very few triangular spines to 3 mm, often with wart-like bases; knee well developed; ocrea to 3 mm fringed with hairs. Leaf cirrate to 90 cm including the cirrus to 45 cm, often the whole leaf to only 30 cm in exposed stems; petiole absent or very short, c. 1 cm; leaflets c. 8 on each side of the rachis, lanceolate and abruptly narrowed at the tip, irregularly arranged in pairs or singly, the basal 1 or 2 reflexed across the stem, the longest to 13 × 2 cm, dark green (drying pale), ± cucullate, transverse veinlets conspicuous. Inflorescences without terminal flagellum, to 45 cm with c. 8 partial inflorescences in all, in detail very similar to that of the type variety but much smaller. Mature fruit ovoid (? always), c. 15 × 10 mm, with a short beak and covered with 14 vertical rows of straw-coloured scales with darker margins. Seed ovoid c. 12 × 8 mm; endosperm deeply ruminate. Seedling leaf bifid. (Fig. 36). </div>
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<div type="distribution">Widespread in Temburong District. Elsewhere widespread in Borneo, but never very abundant. Endemic. </div>
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<div type="material_examined">Temburong: Amo, Bt.Belalong, Dransfield J. 7109; Amo, Bt.Belalong, Wong 1360; Amo, Bt.Belalong, Wong 1388; Amo, K.Belalong, Stockdale 13; Amo, K.Belalong, Stockdale 54; Bangar, Bt.Biang, Ashton A 169. </div>
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<div type="uses">An excellent very small diameter cane for binding purposes.</div>
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<div type="discussion">C. laevigatus var. mucronatus is one of the most slender species of rattan in Brunei; it has a very dark colour when fresh, but dries pale green.</div>
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<div type="biology_ecology">. It is usually found on ridge tops on rather poor soils at altitudes up to 900 m above sea level.</div>
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<figures>
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<figure url="illustrations/Fig36">
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<head><author>cannot read it</author></head>
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<p>Calamus laevigatus var. mucronatus. Part of sheathes stem with leaf and male inflorescence.</p>
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</figure>
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</figures>
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</treatment>
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</taxonxBody>
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</taxonx>
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